Safi Bahcall

And I think he's done that. And there's been a lot of behind the scenes innovation from that organization that's made it into the company that it is today.

And I think he's done that. And there's been a lot of behind the scenes innovation from that organization that's made it into the company that it is today.

You need both. There are two types of innovative ideas. And I talk about S-type and P-type. There's the product. iPod was sort of a product. But then there's a strategy. And both are important. And the product one will make the cover of Time magazine. And the strategy one usually doesn't.

You need both. There are two types of innovative ideas. And I talk about S-type and P-type. There's the product. iPod was sort of a product. But then there's a strategy. And both are important. And the product one will make the cover of Time magazine. And the strategy one usually doesn't.

You needed to have both product innovations and strategy innovations to build a really successful and powerful moat. as an organization. That's what he did. I think Apple has a good track record of having done both product and strategy innovations very well.

You needed to have both product innovations and strategy innovations to build a really successful and powerful moat. as an organization. That's what he did. I think Apple has a good track record of having done both product and strategy innovations very well.

Amazon, Kindle, Alexa are all product innovations, but they've done brilliant strategy innovations, shifting from being a pure business to consumer player. to business to business infrastructure, selling these services and why they work and the reason that business succeeded. All of those were strategy innovations.

Amazon, Kindle, Alexa are all product innovations, but they've done brilliant strategy innovations, shifting from being a pure business to consumer player. to business to business infrastructure, selling these services and why they work and the reason that business succeeded. All of those were strategy innovations.

So the companies that can do both product and strategy, both what I call P-type and S-type are the ones that end up building a really big moat against their competitors.

So the companies that can do both product and strategy, both what I call P-type and S-type are the ones that end up building a really big moat against their competitors.

Number one, run experiments, both in personal life and in professional life. In business, the companies that do well are the ones that run experiments at pace and scale. But I've also found over the years, it's very important in personal life, even in your relationships. It's easy to get into a rut or there'd be some friction.

Number one, run experiments, both in personal life and in professional life. In business, the companies that do well are the ones that run experiments at pace and scale. But I've also found over the years, it's very important in personal life, even in your relationships. It's easy to get into a rut or there'd be some friction.

And if you want to get out of it, you're not going to get out of it unless you try something different. Second takeaway, be a border crosser. That has worked very well for me in my life, which is I've crossed borders from science to big business, to entrepreneurial business, to writing, to the kind of new things that I'm doing now.

And if you want to get out of it, you're not going to get out of it unless you try something different. Second takeaway, be a border crosser. That has worked very well for me in my life, which is I've crossed borders from science to big business, to entrepreneurial business, to writing, to the kind of new things that I'm doing now.

And what's helped me is that I look for the best and most interesting and most fun in each world that I've been in, whether it's the physics world or the entrepreneurial world or the big business world, and look at what's interesting in each of those worlds and cross borders between those worlds. Most people stay in one world, play in one sandbox with one set of rules.

And what's helped me is that I look for the best and most interesting and most fun in each world that I've been in, whether it's the physics world or the entrepreneurial world or the big business world, and look at what's interesting in each of those worlds and cross borders between those worlds. Most people stay in one world, play in one sandbox with one set of rules.

And when you're willing to liberate yourself and try to cross worlds, you can find a lot of ideas and power and energy. The third takeaway would be let curiosity be your superpower in every area of life, professionally, but also personally.

And when you're willing to liberate yourself and try to cross worlds, you can find a lot of ideas and power and energy. The third takeaway would be let curiosity be your superpower in every area of life, professionally, but also personally.

Thanks very much, Lynn.

Thanks very much, Lynn.