Sarah Paine

And then Pakistan really would like it if the United States would be nice with China as well, because Pakistan wants to have good relations with the United States and China.

And that's a non-starter for the United States until 1971, when there are secret visits and things going, it's later on.

Okay, so in 1962, India gets trounced in this war with China.

They look like they're militarily feckless.

And then in 1964, Nehru dies, right?

He'd been the head of India since independence in 1947.

He'd been there a long time, so he's dead.

So 1965 for Pakistan, he looks like a good year to settle border problems.

And so what they do is,

is first they invade through the south, if you look way down at the bottom there, the Rana Kuch, and that seems to go pretty well, and then they decide they want to go for the thing they really care about, which is Kashmir, and they do that.

Well, the enemy gets the vote, and the Indians invaded straight through Lahore.

which isn't remotely what the Pakistanis had in mind.

And then the United States does a double arms embargo on both of them for doing this.

And the problem is the Pakistanis are much more dependent on U.S.

military aid.

The Indians were more diversified, so they just didn't have enough spare parts to continue this thing.

So it's a very unhappy event for them.

They lose it.

And what happens, neither the United States nor Russia wants either one of them fighting that war.

The Russians are thinking, we want the military aid to go to India in order to counterbalance China, not to decimate the Pakistanis.