Sarah Paine

Here's Enterprise.

It was the United States' first nuclear-propelled aircraft carrier.

And so during the 71 War, the United States sent this into the Bay of Bengal.

The Russians sent some naval assets.

had no effect on that war.

Pakistan lost, right?

The Indians were furious.

They just regarded this as an absolute threat and how dare we do this anyway.

And maybe it would have been better to have left enterprise in their home port rather than doing this.

And then of course there's sanctions and embargoes.

The United States does this all the time.

And if you look at the list of the times we're embargoing stuff, so at partition, we're embargoing everybody.

And then during the 65 war, we're embargoing everybody.

And then as various people are making nuclear progress and different things, there are these embargoes that come and go.

And Pakistan is really mad because India does an atomic test in 1974, and Pakistan doesn't do anything until much later.

And it's like, why are you sanctioning us on this nuclear stuff?

The Indians have actually done this.

We haven't.

And so if you look at this chart, you can see where the ups and downs of these sanctions go.

And clearly they didn't stop proliferation because in 1998, you have these tit-for-tat nuclear atomic tests by both.