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Stephen Wolfram

๐Ÿ‘ค Speaker
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4010 total appearances
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Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

But it's worth understanding kind of how that's working.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

I mean, it's kind of like if it was going to say, you know, the cat sat on thee, what's the next word?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

Okay, so how does it figure out the next word?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

Well, it's seen a trillion words written on the internet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And it's seen, the cat sat on the floor, the cat sat on the sofa, the cat sat on the whatever.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

So its minimal thing to do is just say, let's look at what we saw on the internet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

We saw 10,000 examples of the cat sat on the.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

What was the most probable next word?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

Let's just pick that out and say that's the next word.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And that's kind of what it, at some level, is trying to do.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

Now, the problem is there isn't enough text on the internet to, if you have a reasonable length of prompt, that specific prompt will never have occurred on the internet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And as you kind of go further, there just won't be a place where you could have trained

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

where you could just work out probabilities from what was already there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

Like if you say 2 plus 2, there'll be a zillion examples of 2 plus 2 equaling 4, and a very small number of examples of 2 plus 2 equals 5, and so on.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And you can pretty much know what's going to happen.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

So then the question is, well, if you can't just work out from examples what's going to happen, just know probabilistic from examples what's going to happen, you have to have a model.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And this kind of an idea, this idea of making models of things is an idea that really, I don't know, I think Galileo probably was one of the first people who sort of worked this out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

I mean, it's kind of like, you know, I think I gave an example of that, the book I wrote about Chachi Biti, where it's kind of like, you know, Galileo was dropping cannonballs off the different floors of the Tower of Pisa.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

And it's like, okay, you drop a cannonball off this floor, you drop a cannonball off this floor.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#376 โ€“ Stephen Wolfram: ChatGPT and the Nature of Truth, Reality & Computation

You miss floor five or something for whatever reason, but you know the time it took the cannonball to fall to the ground from floors one, two, three, four, six, seven, eight, for example.