Sundar Pichai

Today, we are all working through these constraints. So, I think there are real constraints today, but I expect it to, for us to be competitive with China, et cetera, I think we have to solve these constraints in the near future.

Today, we are all working through these constraints. So, I think there are real constraints today, but I expect it to, for us to be competitive with China, et cetera, I think we have to solve these constraints in the near future.

The way I've assumed is the U.S. is always, there's never been a time where U.S. just doesn't meet these moments, right? So to me, I look at it and say, it just means that the capitalist solutions will innovate through this moment, right? That's why people are working hard to build SMRs and nuclear fusion, et cetera. So I've kind of assumed we will meet that moment.

The way I've assumed is the U.S. is always, there's never been a time where U.S. just doesn't meet these moments, right? So to me, I look at it and say, it just means that the capitalist solutions will innovate through this moment, right? That's why people are working hard to build SMRs and nuclear fusion, et cetera. So I've kind of assumed we will meet that moment.

And if we don't, or if the lines don't match, I think the conversations will get louder and louder till we meet the moment. That's the way I internalize it.

And if we don't, or if the lines don't match, I think the conversations will get louder and louder till we meet the moment. That's the way I internalize it.

By the way, we are doing the same patient approach in many other areas.

By the way, we are doing the same patient approach in many other areas.

Quantum is one. So tell me about quantum.

Quantum is one. So tell me about quantum.

Obviously, Quantum has gotten a lot more attention in the last 12 months or so, but we have been working, just like Waymo, we work through these things, whether there's attention from the outside or not, because we are working on these things out of conviction on the long-term trends, right? So it comes from those first principles.

Obviously, Quantum has gotten a lot more attention in the last 12 months or so, but we have been working, just like Waymo, we work through these things, whether there's attention from the outside or not, because we are working on these things out of conviction on the long-term trends, right? So it comes from those first principles.

obviously the universe is fundamentally quantum, to do any kind of large scale simulations in a way that truly represent nature, you would need some versions of quantum computing. I think to me quantum feels like where AI was around 2015. So I would say in a five year timeframe

obviously the universe is fundamentally quantum, to do any kind of large scale simulations in a way that truly represent nature, you would need some versions of quantum computing. I think to me quantum feels like where AI was around 2015. So I would say in a five year timeframe

you would have that moment where a really useful practical computation is done in a quantum way, far superior to classical computers. And that'll be that aha moment, I think, which will really show the promise of the industry. I'm absolutely confident that we will get there when I see the progress and I can pattern match to progress in the other fundamental areas we have worked on.

you would have that moment where a really useful practical computation is done in a quantum way, far superior to classical computers. And that'll be that aha moment, I think, which will really show the promise of the industry. I'm absolutely confident that we will get there when I see the progress and I can pattern match to progress in the other fundamental areas we have worked on.

So it really doesn't feel like obviously, look, these are very challenging areas. You may hit a constraint. I do think a lot of people are making announcements in quantum. So in some ways it's tough to distinguish them. We had the same scenario in self-driving maybe three years ago. There were so many people doing self-driving. It looked like everyone was roughly the same, but they weren't.

So it really doesn't feel like obviously, look, these are very challenging areas. You may hit a constraint. I do think a lot of people are making announcements in quantum. So in some ways it's tough to distinguish them. We had the same scenario in self-driving maybe three years ago. There were so many people doing self-driving. It looked like everyone was roughly the same, but they weren't.

I could internally tell the difference that how far ahead Waymo was. I feel that way about our quantum effort too. I think there are a lot of announcements, a lot of noise in the industry. There are a few good people, but I do think we are at the frontier there. And so, you know, I'm pretty excited about it in a three- to five-year timeframe. But we'll be patient and get there.

I could internally tell the difference that how far ahead Waymo was. I feel that way about our quantum effort too. I think there are a lot of announcements, a lot of noise in the industry. There are a few good people, but I do think we are at the frontier there. And so, you know, I'm pretty excited about it in a three- to five-year timeframe. But we'll be patient and get there.