Torsten Reil

These are some of the bigger problems right now that Ukraine is facing and that NATO will be facing in a peer conflict as well or any other country in a peer conflict. So drones themselves, if they're just remote controlled drones, eventually have the problem that they can be jammed. That's GPS jamming, so it doesn't know where it is.

These are some of the bigger problems right now that Ukraine is facing and that NATO will be facing in a peer conflict as well or any other country in a peer conflict. So drones themselves, if they're just remote controlled drones, eventually have the problem that they can be jammed. That's GPS jamming, so it doesn't know where it is.

Or it's comms jamming, which means that the control inputs to the drone or the video feed back from the drone to the operator is jammed and therefore you can't use it. So this is the problem. I mean, there's a jamming station at the frontline every few kilometers right now. So it's almost impossible to get around jamming at the moment.

Or it's comms jamming, which means that the control inputs to the drone or the video feed back from the drone to the operator is jammed and therefore you can't use it. So this is the problem. I mean, there's a jamming station at the frontline every few kilometers right now. So it's almost impossible to get around jamming at the moment.

Or it's comms jamming, which means that the control inputs to the drone or the video feed back from the drone to the operator is jammed and therefore you can't use it. So this is the problem. I mean, there's a jamming station at the frontline every few kilometers right now. So it's almost impossible to get around jamming at the moment.

Yeah. How do you think about that? It's the same thing with strike drones and tanks and artillery. A tank costs several million pounds, euros. A strike drone is much, much, much cheaper. Depending on how things play out, you need one or maybe two or three strike drones, even with countermeasures to actually overcome a tank. That's basically the danger. Same is true for artillery systems.

Yeah. How do you think about that? It's the same thing with strike drones and tanks and artillery. A tank costs several million pounds, euros. A strike drone is much, much, much cheaper. Depending on how things play out, you need one or maybe two or three strike drones, even with countermeasures to actually overcome a tank. That's basically the danger. Same is true for artillery systems.

Yeah. How do you think about that? It's the same thing with strike drones and tanks and artillery. A tank costs several million pounds, euros. A strike drone is much, much, much cheaper. Depending on how things play out, you need one or maybe two or three strike drones, even with countermeasures to actually overcome a tank. That's basically the danger. Same is true for artillery systems.

They become very hard to defend. And the problem with mass, especially precise mass, is that you can solve almost every problem with saturation. So even if there were countermeasures, let's say on the tank side. So what do you mean you can solve every problem with saturation? It means that basically instead of sending one, you send five. If they're cheap enough, you can just do that.

They become very hard to defend. And the problem with mass, especially precise mass, is that you can solve almost every problem with saturation. So even if there were countermeasures, let's say on the tank side. So what do you mean you can solve every problem with saturation? It means that basically instead of sending one, you send five. If they're cheap enough, you can just do that.

They become very hard to defend. And the problem with mass, especially precise mass, is that you can solve almost every problem with saturation. So even if there were countermeasures, let's say on the tank side. So what do you mean you can solve every problem with saturation? It means that basically instead of sending one, you send five. If they're cheap enough, you can just do that.

And at some point, you just oversaturate defenses of an expensive system. And it's still very cheap to do it that way. If you just think about the economics of it, you still have a really strong asymmetry. And so it'll become harder and harder unless you find a way to really counteract these systems, which is hard to send expensive tanks and artillery systems into battle.

And at some point, you just oversaturate defenses of an expensive system. And it's still very cheap to do it that way. If you just think about the economics of it, you still have a really strong asymmetry. And so it'll become harder and harder unless you find a way to really counteract these systems, which is hard to send expensive tanks and artillery systems into battle.

And at some point, you just oversaturate defenses of an expensive system. And it's still very cheap to do it that way. If you just think about the economics of it, you still have a really strong asymmetry. And so it'll become harder and harder unless you find a way to really counteract these systems, which is hard to send expensive tanks and artillery systems into battle.

When on the other side, there are strike drones that are much, much cheaper. Is the future of war contactless in terms of human contact? Ultimately, yes. I think ultimately, again, you can already see the first signs in Ukraine. Some areas of the battlefield are essentially no-go zones for humans because you have drones buzzing over you all the time.

When on the other side, there are strike drones that are much, much cheaper. Is the future of war contactless in terms of human contact? Ultimately, yes. I think ultimately, again, you can already see the first signs in Ukraine. Some areas of the battlefield are essentially no-go zones for humans because you have drones buzzing over you all the time.

When on the other side, there are strike drones that are much, much cheaper. Is the future of war contactless in terms of human contact? Ultimately, yes. I think ultimately, again, you can already see the first signs in Ukraine. Some areas of the battlefield are essentially no-go zones for humans because you have drones buzzing over you all the time.

I think that gives us a kind of a first indication how conflict is going to evolve. It'll be impossible and I think ethically extremely problematic to send humans into a battlefield that is facing large numbers of autonomous intelligence systems on the other side. What is the point of a battlefield?

I think that gives us a kind of a first indication how conflict is going to evolve. It'll be impossible and I think ethically extremely problematic to send humans into a battlefield that is facing large numbers of autonomous intelligence systems on the other side. What is the point of a battlefield?

I think that gives us a kind of a first indication how conflict is going to evolve. It'll be impossible and I think ethically extremely problematic to send humans into a battlefield that is facing large numbers of autonomous intelligence systems on the other side. What is the point of a battlefield?