Wendy Zuckerman

But when he was watching the data coming out on vapes or e-cigarettes, he told me... This, to me, was a far greater worry.

Yes.

Yes, he did.

And he actually specifically told me, you know, we have this idea that everything causes cancer.

But he said that's not true.

Okay, that's good.

And in that context, he was worried about vaping causing cancer.

So he and his colleagues pulled together studies published from 2017 to the middle of last year that were looking for a link between vaping and cancer, and they wrote it up in a review paper.

Mm-hmm.

And so now I kind of want to go through the case that Bernard is making that vaping causes cancer.

So we know that some of the chemicals found in vape aerosols, I'm thinking acrylamide, benzene and various metals, they can cause cancer in humans.

But there was this question of when you use a vape and inhale that stuff, do you just breathe it out again or does it go into your system where it can then cause damage?

And so scientists have tested the blood and urine of vapours for these kinds of chemicals and here's what they've found.

There are also studies in cells where scientists expose them to vape liquid and then they can see that these cells pick up DNA damage and oxidative stress, which we know can lead to cancer.

Yeah.

On top of that, scientists have exposed rats and mice to the vapour from e-cigarettes and they can see markers of inflammation in their lungs.

And this is worrying to Bernard because we know that inflammation, when it's chronic, in other circumstances, can lead to cancer.

One study in particular exposed mice to vape fumes for almost a year, which is a long time in the life of a mouse, and a bunch of them developed lung cancer.

So then finally, Bernard's team point to a few case reports.

So here he is on that.