Wendy Zukerman

Like, there are studies that have found that the cartridges in vapes are bigger and contain higher percentage of nicotine than they used to.

Whoa.

And so, like, Wendy, I have to tell you that this review paper I just mentioned did also get a lot of criticism.

Right.

All kinds of things people said about, like, oh, they didn't account for the fact that...

People might have been former smokers and switched to vaping because they got sick and they needed to switch.

Right.

The authors do argue back, like, hey, we tried to adjust for a lot of these things and da-da-da-da.

We think we've seen something real here.

So we're kind of stuck in this scientific limbo land.

Yes.

So vaping is clearly bad for your heart, whether it's as bad as cigarettes.

I mean, I think that's a little bit remains to be seen.

Yeah.

But where the case that smoking is still the worst option is very strong is when it comes to cancer.

Yeah, but that's not even exactly what I'm talking about here.

Also, when you look at the amount of carcinogens that people are exposed to when they vape versus when they smoke—

It's just so much higher in smokers.

Right.

So, for example, there's this chemical.