Whitney Pennington-Rogers

as it's affected by climate change.

But then, of course, other things like conflict and you look at declining birth rates, which you touched on, Zeke, and what that booms in other places.

How do you predict migration will change in the coming decade or even century if you're looking out further?

And Sonia, I'd love you to start since you have such a great historical sense of how migration has played out over the course of humanity.

And Zeke, you also touched on this idea of policy.

And so maybe that's something we could also bring in to this conversation.

When you think about what migration might look like in the years to come, what might policy look like to help for what sounds like what you're suggesting, Sonia, and also Zeke, I'd love your take on this, that will be sort of inevitable that people will continue to migrate.

No, that's great.

And I'd love for you, Sonia, to sort of even respond to some of this, like this idea of migration becoming inevitable because of the push factors.

And also, as Zeke mentioned, these choosers who have to choose to immigrate for the

flourishing of their own, of a nation.

Do you see this?

Do you think this is going to be an inevitability that all of us should begin to think of ourselves as migrants in some way?

that really does then get to this point around the sentiment of it.

And, you know, you've seen nations that have had at one point very migration-friendly policies have become more populist and nativist in recent years, decades, a lot of spaces in Europe, for instance.

And the question I guess then is if migration is the answer, how do we –

change the sentiment?

How do we avoid people swinging to the other side here in ways that we can almost predict as we're seeing people push out of certain spaces and into other spaces more?

Zeke, maybe you could take that to start.

And Sonia, as we think about the future and sort of where things could head, it feels like it's always important to kind of think back to the past and what we have seen and what are some lessons that we could take from the past when it comes to migration to help us shape a future here around how we move?