Yoshua Bengio

And that gave rise to this idea of deep learning and so on.

But what's interesting from a personal perspective, it was a time where

Nobody believed in this.

And we had to have a kind of personal vision and conviction.

And in a way, that's how I feel today as well, that I'm a minority voice speaking about the risks.

But I have a strong conviction that this is the right thing to do.

And then 2012 came and we had really powerful experiments showing that deep learning was much stronger than previous methods.

And the world shifted.

Companies hired many of my colleagues.

Google and Facebook hired, respectively, Jeff Hinton and Yann LeCun.

And when I looked at this, I thought, why are these companies...

Can I give millions to my colleagues for developing AI in those companies?

And I didn't like the answer that came to me, which is, oh, they probably want to use AI to improve their advertising because these companies rely on advertising.

And personalized advertising, that sounds like manipulation.

And that's when I started thinking we should...

We should think about the social impact of what we're doing.

And I decided to stay in academia, to stay in Canada, to try to develop a more responsible ecosystem.

We put out a declaration called the Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of AI.

I could have gone to one of those companies or others and made a whole lot more money.

Did you get any offers?