Episode 11 of Brandon Seale's podcast on the Lipan Apaches.The Lipan Apaches become proxies for a Texian guerilla war against northern Mexico, until Texian policies cut them off from their lands and their livelihoods. Ever adaptable, the Lipanes flip the script, relocating to their old haunts in Mexico and raiding Texas property. The Texas-Mexico border itself – and the freedom it offers – becomes an artifact of enduring Lipan resistance during these years. The annexation of Texas, however, unbalances the playing field in an oddly legalistic way.Selected BibliographyAlonso, Gorka. Apachería.Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Indian Southwest, 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention (1999).Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Conquest of Texas (2019).Baddour, Dylan. “Labeled ‘Hispanic,’” Texas Observer, May/June 2022, July 6, 2022.Britten, Thomas A. The Lipan Apaches: People of Wind and Lightning (2011).González Dávila, José Medina. ¿Qué significa ser apache en el siglo XXI?: Continuidad y cambio de los lipanes en Texas (2018).Lipan Apache Band of Texas – Lipan Apache Band of Texas Claim as a Sovereign NationMaestas, Enrique G. M. (2003). Culture and History of Native American Peoples of South Texas. University of Texas at Austin, PhD Dissertation.Minor, Nancy M. The Light Gray People: An Ethno-History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico (2009).Minor, Nancy M. Turning Adversity to Advantage: A History of the Lipan Apaches of Texas and Northern Mexico, 1700-1900 (2009).Opler, Morris E. Myths and Legends of the Lipan Apache Indians (1940).Robinson, Sherry. I Fought a Good Fight: A History of the Lipan Apaches (2013).Smith, F. Todd. From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (2005).www.BrandonSeale.com

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.

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