暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墙走，老妇出门看。吏呼一何怒！妇啼一何苦！听妇前致词： “三男邺城戍。一男附书至，二男新战死。存者且偷生，死者长已矣！室中更无人，惟有乳下孙。有孙母未去，出入无完裙。老妪力虽衰，请从吏夜归。急应河阳役，犹得备晨炊。”夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽。天明登前途，独与老翁别。唐肃宗乾元二年（759）春，郭子仪等九节度使六十万大军包围安庆绪于邺城，由于指挥不统一，被史思明援兵打得全军溃败。唐王朝为补充兵力，便在洛阳以西至潼关一带，强行抓人当兵，人民苦不堪言。这时，杜甫正由洛阳经过潼关，赶回华州任所。途中就其所见所闻，写成了“三吏”、“三别”。《石壕史》是“三吏”中的一篇。全诗的主题是通过对“有吏夜捉人”的形象描绘，揭露官吏的横暴，反映人民的苦难。
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