Show notes
Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Harrison Garlick welcomes Dr. Alex Priou to discuss Book 22 of the Odyssey, the Slaughter of the Suitors.Check out our LIBRARY of written guides to the Great Books.Check out Dr. Priou's new Substack: The Close Read.What happens in Book 22?Odysseus stands at the threshold of his home, cries out to Apollo, and lets loose an arrow straight through the neck of Antinous (22.15). Chaos erupts in the hall as bread and meats are soaked in a swirl of bloody filth (22.21). Eurymachus attempts to broker a truce with Odysseus, but it is rejected (22.57); he then calls the suitors to arms and is slaughtered (22.73). Telemachus brings armor and weapons to his father, the swineherd, and the cowherd (22.121), but the goatherd sneaks weapons to the suitors (22.151).On his second run, the cowherd and swineherd intercept the goatherd, tie him up, and hang him from the rafters (22.196). Athena first arrives in the guise of Mentor (22.217) and then perches like a sparrow on the rafters, assisting Odysseus with her man-destroying shield of thunder (22.250). The suitors fall into panicked madness as Odysseus and his men wheel into the slaughter, slashing left and right, with grisly screams breaking from cracked skulls and the floor awash with blood (22.311).Odysseus spares the bard and the herald but shows no mercy to the prophet (22.327). The slaughter complete, Eurycleia summons the disloyal female servants, who help carry out the corpses and clean the gore (22.458–471). Telemachus oversees the disloyal women being slowly hanged in the courtyard—a pitiful, ghastly death (22.487)—while the goatherd is retrieved and mutilated to death by the swineherd and cowherd (22.500). Odysseus purifies his home with fire and brimstone (22.518), and the book ends with the loyal maidservants surrounding their king as he breaks down and weeps (22.528).Chapters:00:00 Introduction to the Great Books Podcast04:40 Exploring the Odyssey: Book 22 Overview06:58 The Role of the Gods in the Odyssey09:55 Justice and Revenge in the Slaughter of the Suitors12:54 Imagery of Food and Gore in Homer14:49 The Cyclops Narrative and Guest Friendship18:51 Antinous: The First Death and Its Implications22:36 The Role of Recognition in Justice25:05 Eurimachus and the Plea for Mercy29:18 Piety and the Restoration of Order32:53 The Political Landscape of Ithaca33:48 Purging and the New Order in Ithaca34:18 The Balance of Power and Leadership Lessons35:24 Pedagogical Journeys: Odysseus and His Men37:39 Divine Endorsement and the Purging of the Unworthy39:35 Odysseus's Transformation: From Arrogance to Understanding41:36 The Role of Recognition in Identity43:08 The Consequences of Identity and Wisdom46:29 The Tragedy of Odysseus and Penelope48:42 Telemachus's Growth and Inexperience53:12 Divine Justice and the Nature of the Fight58:11 The Role of Prophecy and Piety in Justice01:05:23 The Nature of Piety and Accountability01:06:59 Eros and the Path to Ascent01:09:52 Self-Reflection and the Nature of Desire01:13:10 Justice and the Fate of the Maidservants01:23:36 The Consequences of Disloyalty01:30:37 Recognition and Political RuleDiscussion:Dr. Priou and Dcn. Garlick examine the justice of the slaughter, noting that while Antinous dies without recognizing Odysseus, the goatherd Melanthius suffers one of the most gruesome tortures in Homer—strung up and mutilated in language echoing the barbaric king Echetus. They discuss the hanging of the disloyal maidservants, Telemachus’s role in their execution, and why such violence may be necessary to purge disloyalty and restore order. Key themes include the restoration of piety, the shift from a decayed oligarchic rule by the suitors to a new natural aristocracy involving loyal servants, Odysseus’ pedagogical journey, and the tension between recognition, glory, and the establishment of a stable political regime supported by fear of the gods.Overall, the episode portrays Homer as a profound teacher on the ugly necessities of justice and political founding.The speakers reflect on how the book repudiates certain Iliadic values like vaunting over the slain, emphasizes cleansing and purification, and sets the stage for the final books. Dr. Priou highlights Odysseus’s cunning, the limits of rhetoric, and the need to curtail eros for civilized life, while both Dr. Priou and Dcn. Garlick encourage listeners to confront uncomfortable questions about revenge, mercy, and the role of divine and human violence in re-founding a polity.Next week our 12-week study of the Odyssey ends with Books 23-24!