The Last Day of the Dinosaurs β˜„οΈπŸ¦– | The Extinction That Changed Earth Forever | Boring History For Sleep

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Boring History for Sleep 3h 12m 1 speaker 8 chapters transcribed 2 months ago
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How did a 100-million-year journey from the asteroid belt set the stage for the dinosaurs' end?

Jeremy Bamber 0:00
Hey there time travellers. Tonight we're rewinding the clock a casual 66 million years, back to a morning that started exactly like millions before it. The sun is climbing over a warm green earth. Pterosaurs are gliding above coastal cliffs like prehistoric paper airplanes. To understand how one single morning ended an entire kingdom, we have to rewind the clock way further than 66 million years. We have to go back a full 100 million years before the dinosaurs even noticed anything was wrong, because the rock that ended their world did not appear out of nowhere. It was built, launched, and aimed long before any T-Rex ever stretched its little arms. So let's start where this story actually begins, in the quiet, freezing darkness between Mars and Jupiter, where a perfectly ordinary Tuesday in space is about to go horribly wrong for a couple of oversized boulders.
Jeremy Bamber 0:52
But to understand how a single morning ended an entire kingdom, we have to rewind the tape much further than 66 million years. We have to go back a full 166. Because the rock that will end the dinosaurs has already been travelling toward Earth for 100 million years on this particular morning. It was forged, launched and aimed long before the first tyrannosaur ever drew a breath. And our story doesn't begin here, among the warm seas and blooming magnolias. It begins in the freezing darkness between Mars and Jupiter, where an ordinary day in the asteroid belt is about to go very, very wrong. The asteroid belt is absurdly empty. If you parked your car on one asteroid, the next one would often be millions of kilometres away.
Jeremy Bamber 1:36
The belt is a slow, cold, lonely place. Most asteroids have been drifting along the same lazy orbits for billions of years, minding their own business, doing absolutely nothing interesting. And then, every so often, physics has a bad day, and two of them decide to occupy the same piece of space at the same time. Unfortunately for every single thing that ever walked, swam or flew on Earth, that is exactly what happens roughly 100 million years before our story. Two asteroids, both part of a larger family of space rocks that scientists today call the Baptistina group, come gliding toward each other along what you could charitably describe as a cosmic highway. They're not moving particularly fast by space standards, but space has a cruel sense of humour about what counts as fast.
Jeremy Bamber 2:23
we are still talking about relative speeds of several kilometres per second. For comparison, a rifle bullet travels at less than one kilometre per second, which tells you everything you need to know about the kind of polite handshake these two objects are about to share. One of them is a true giant, probably around 170 kilometres across, a small world in its own right, with enough mass to have its own weak gravity and possibly its own tiny moons. The other is smaller but still massive, maybe 60 kilometres wide, which is about the distance from downtown Manhattan to the middle of New Jersey. Neither of them has any idea the other exists, which is a phrase that only makes sense when you're describing a lump of rock.
Jeremy Bamber 3:03
But there you go. The collision is not a clean pool table click. It is a slow-motion catastrophe. The two objects smash together with an energy release that would have been visible across half the solar system if anyone had been around to watch. The bigger asteroid essentially shatters, and the smaller one gets pulverized into a swarm of debris. Roughly 100,000 fragments are kicked loose in every direction, ranging in size from pebbles to mountains. Most of them stay politely within the asteroid belt and continue their quiet millennial loops around the Sun, no harm done. But a small minority – just a tiny, statistically unlucky handful – get flung inward, onto new orbits that cross the orbits of the inner planets, including Earth.
Jeremy Bamber 3:47
This is the moment the bullet leaves the chamber. It just has a very, very long way to travel before it hits anything. Among those unlucky fragments is one chunk that is particularly worth paying attention to.

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