Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?
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Hello, I'm Oliver Conway. We're recording this at 16 Hours GMT on Tuesday 9th December. Australia becomes the first nation in the world to ban under-16s from social media. The Sudanese army is accused of killing nearly 1,700 civilians in airstrikes.
The aftermath footage of hits in markets is often quite hard to watch because there's often also children among the victims as well.
And the EU investigates Google over the use of creative content to train AI.
Also in the podcast... Looking out for things like frostbite or hypothermia. There's so much that has never been done by somebody with a spinal injury, so we're kind of leading the way.
The challenges of a world record attempt in Antarctica... As we record this podcast, Australia has become the first nation in the world to ban anyone under the age of 16 from using social media. A law which came into effect at midnight local time requires apps like TikTok, Instagram and YouTube to block access under the threat of large fines. Existing profiles will be deactivated.
14-year-old Sophia from Brisbane was one of the first to get locked out.
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Chapter 2: What is the significance of Australia's ban on social media for under-16s?
You know, it took hours to drive to this farm. The driveway itself just to get to the farmhouse was about 20 kilometres.
And from as far as I can see, there is nothing in the distance. It's completely flat land, low scrub land, a few bushes, a few trees, but it's pretty barren. And the earth underfoot is very dry and the rains aren't expected to come in for at least another month or so. This isn't your typical teenage upbringing, cleaning out cattle troughs.
But in so many ways, life in Australia's vast outback is surprisingly normal. On the back of her buggy, Brianna's got an internet extender, giving her much-needed connections far from her friends. Connections that might now look a little shakier than before with the new van in place.
I use Snapchat, Instagram, TikTok, and basically to just... Keep up with my friends, share what I'm doing in my day-to-day life, especially on the holidays. My closest friend is 30km away, but all my other friends would be over 100km away. It's very important for me to keep up with them, stay in contact with them. Taking away our socials is just taking away how we talk to each other.
Remember when I sent you that little video of Truffle helping me muster and it was just really funny, you know, you can just share... While mum Megan is glad social media companies are being forced to be more responsible, she's not sure how much it will achieve.
I do think that it is a bit of government overstepping. We might be incredibly geographically isolated but we're definitely not digitally illiterate.
I think they'll still find apps and avenues to talk. I do get concerned though that if they think they're not supposed to be there, will they still report if they come across an online predator or they do experience bullying when they know they probably shouldn't be there?
What just happened, Grace? I just got banned off Instagram.
Meta, though, has been getting ahead of the curve, booting off some young Australian teens before the restrictions officially started. Grace, who's heading off on a summer road trip with her family, is not happy.
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Chapter 3: What challenges do social media companies face in complying with the new law?
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Discover brilliant podcasts from the BBC World Service.
We got a call from the bank and said, are you aware that there's no funds in this account?
A string of victims across the US stretching from coast to coast. The amount of victims in such a short time was unbelievable. Real people losing real money by the criminals, the ghosts.
The anger, the frustration, the fear.
From the BBC World Service, this is Cyberhack Evilcore. The story of a cybercrime case that stretches from small-town America to the back streets of Moscow.
Listen now. Search for Cyberhack wherever you get your BBC podcasts.
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Chapter 4: What are the implications of the social media ban for communication among teenagers?
They're not looking at the original article, which means the publishers lose the traffic. They lose all the advertising revenue and people are no longer encouraged to subscribe to their publications. But what really adds insult to injury is not only are they losing all that, those viewers, the AI that Google is using learned everything it knows by reading those online articles.
And as the publishers see it from stealing that information, I mean, it's a bit like a pop star being told, sorry, we're not going to pay you for performing anymore. But thanks very much for teaching our computer how to sing your songs. Now, Google's parent company is also accused of harvesting material that people upload to YouTube, which they also own.
And in all of these cases, they say people don't have the chance to opt out of having their material exploited. So the EU is investigating this. What does Google say about it? We've had a statement from their parent company, Alphabet. They say Europeans deserve to benefit from the latest technologies and the EU's investigation risks stifling innovation.
Effectively, what it seems to be saying is that the current system benefits consumers of information. The allegation is they're less concerned with the people who produce it. And this is just the latest in a series of EU cases involving US tech companies. Indeed. I mean, only a few days ago, the platform X was fined $140 million by the European Union because of its blue tick system.
You can pay X to get a blue tick on your account, which shows that it's genuine. What the EU said is actually these accounts aren't properly verified and the blue tick gives a false sense of safety. But yes, this is just one of many investigations and legal cases. And I should say this is becoming very political.
I mean, the current administration in Washington is no great fan of the European Union generally. but it particularly dislikes any attempt to regulate and to fine America's tech giants. Speaking about the fine on X, the US Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, said this was foreign governments attacking American companies. In fact, he said it was an attack on the American people.
I mean, it does seem that the rhetoric in these disputes can only get more colourful the temperature ever higher. Our global affairs reporter, Paul Moss. Ukraine's armed forces insist they are still holding out in Pokrovsk, despite Russian claims to have taken the city.
Russia has been advancing on Pokrovsk for more than a year as part of its campaign to seize the whole of the eastern region of Donetsk. Our defence correspondent Jonathan Beale has been talking to Ukrainian troops still fighting to hold back the invaders. This is what it's like fighting in Pokrovsk. what the men of Ukraine's Skala Assault Regiment are facing.
Hiding from the constant menace of Russian drones. The threat that 48-year-old Hotabich had to endure for nearly 30 days.
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Chapter 5: How does the Australian government's social media ban compare to international responses?
There are a lot of drones there. They fly around the clock. We always wished for good weather, meaning fog or some rain, a grey sky, because at such times we could resupply and reinforce our positions.
His unit's coordinating the fight from a command centre well behind the front line. Ukrainian drones flying above Pokrovsk show a city in ruins, but they want to prove Pokrovsk has not fallen, despite Russian claims to have taken the city. They've been talking to their men on the ground in Pokrovsk to show us they are there still fighting. He's just giving orders for them to show their flag.
And there it is. You can see it now.
The commander of the Skala regiment, Yuri, tells me it exposes another Kremlin lie, that Ukraine's lost Pokrovsk.
You've seen it with your own eyes. If we do not show this, the whole world will lose faith and stop helping the Ukrainian people, the Ukrainian army. That is why we are doing this, to prove we're still strong. A staff officer called Simon Potapich shows me where Ukrainian forces are still defending in the north of the city.
So there's a map here, a digital map, which has Ukrainian positions around Bukrovsk. And there are a few red spots, targets that they're going to hit here where Russian forces are present. But you can still clearly see from this map that Ukrainian troops are still in the city in numbers. We're told hundreds. The focus here is on the fight, not peace talks.
But a Latvian volunteer, the unit's deputy commander, is willing to vent some frustration.
His call sign is the Godfather, and he has a message for Europe and America. I wish Steve Vitkov to be together with President Trump, who is a strong leader, and show that America is number one in military, and showing weakness to Russians is showing weakness of America and Trump. So I hope Trump is siding with democratic countries and with NATO countries.
Europe is a lot of talking, a lot of bureaucracy, and a lot of empty, empty talks and not enough doing.
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Chapter 6: How are Australian teenagers reacting to the social media ban?
Tanya Sanger reports.
Training in Arctic conditions in Norway as Darren, who in his own words, is redefining the impossible.
He's aiming to travel 222 kilometres in 20 days to double the current world record of sit skiing to the South Pole.
We've dedicated two and a half years of our lives to do it and for me there's pressure of how's it going to go? Are we going to succeed? We've promised a lot of people we're going to do it.
Darren became permanently paralysed from the chest down after a climbing accident in 2016, but turned his misfortune into his superpower by taking on a number of record-breaking challenges over the years. But this one will be his toughest yet.
After my accident, I can't feel below my chest. So when we're looking out for things like frostbite or hypothermia, there's so much that has never been done by somebody with a spinal injury, so we're kind of leading the way.
He's designed a bespoke sit ski to help keep his lower half warm with the help of his teammate Matthew, who's been inspired by Darren's story after suffering his own sports injury.
I met Darren in a gym. We got chatting and he kind of helped me through, guided me through that process of refinding myself, getting myself back on my feet. And a great example of that there is hope after the adversity.
Matthew Bigger, ending that report by Tanya Sanker. And that is all from us for now, but the Global News Podcast will be back very soon. This edition was mixed by Daniela Varela-Hernandez and produced by Stephanie Zachrisson and Mickey Bristow. Our editor is Karen Martin. I'm Oliver Conway. Until next time, goodbye.
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