[✐3.Moderato]Vi+teimasu, Vt+tearimasu, Vt+teokimasu“I (intentionally)summarized the points (to be of your help).”[00:08]Hello, everyone. How are you doing?I have a question,“The window is open”, [mado ga aite imasu]“The window is open”, [mado ga akete arimasu]“The window is open” [mado wo akete okimasu]What are the differences between them?(Vi)te imasu“Mado ga aiteimasu” indicates the window was opened at the certain time in the past and is still open. Verbs are intransitive verbs (Vi).We will start with “mado ga aiteimasu”.Repeat after me[00:39]1. → The door is open.2. → The door is closed.3. → The light is on.4. → The light is out.5. → My shoes are dirty.6. → It’s locked.7. → A button came off.8. → The plastic bag is torn.(reji bukuro = plastic bag (one you get at the cash register of supermarkets or convenience stores.)9. → Furniture fell over.10. →The building is still on fire.So far so good?[02:39]Now, next is, “mado ga akete arimasu”Vt-te arimasu“madoga aketearimasu” emphasises that the situation exists as a result of somebody’s deliberate action. Verbs are transitive verbs (Vt).=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=「ポイントがまとめてあります。」[00:08]みなさん、こんにちは。おげんきですか。しつもんです。「まどがあいています。」、「まどがあけてあります。」、「まどをあけておきます。」これらのちがいはなんですか。(Vi)ています“まどがあいています” indicates the window was opened at the certain time in the past and is still open. Verbs are intransitive verbs (Vi).｢まどがあいています｣からはじめます。Repeat after me[00:39]1. あきます→ドアがあいています。2. しまります→ ドアがしまっています。3. つきます→ でんきがついています。4. きえます→ でんきがきえています。5. よごれます→ くつがよごれています。6. かかります→ かぎがかかっています。7. とれます→ ボタンがとれています。8. やぶれます→ レジぶくろがやぶれています。(レジぶくろ = plastic bag (one you get at the cash register of supermarkets or convenience stores.)9. たおれる→ かぐがたおれています。10. もえます→ ビルがまだもえています。ここまでいいですか。[02:39]では、つぎは、｢まどがあけてあります｣Vtてあります“まどがあけてあります” emphasises that the situation exists as a result of somebody’s deliberate action. Verbs are transitive verbs (Vt).Repeat after meSupport the show=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=Need more translation & transcript? Become a patron: More episodes with full translation and Japanese transcripts. Members-only podcast feed for your smartphone app. Japanese Swotter on PatreonNote: English translations might sound occasionally unnatural as English, as I try to preserve the structure and essence of the original Japanese.

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.