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Planet Money

The great German land lottery

15 Nov 2024

Transcription

Chapter 1: What is the Osingverlosung?

483.965 - 499.874 Friedrich Neuser

So this is why in the 1500s, the villages came up with a novel system to distribute the land. Elsewhere in Europe, communities were turning communal land into plots people owned individually. Here in the Ossingtho, they came up with their own version of land ownership.

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500.294 - 508.739 Markus Hofmann

They said, OK, we have to do it in a fair way for all the people from all four villages.

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509.565 - 530.171 Friedrich Neuser

So the villages created the land lottery. Basically, the Olsing would be divided among the people of the four villages. The farmers would randomly be assigned plots. The good ones, the bad ones. Now, some people would be luckier than others. That happens. So there's another part of the lottery. You only got to keep your land for 10 years.

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531.491 - 541.515 Emma Peaslee

So after 10 years, the names went back in the bag and there was a new drawing. It meant no one would be stuck with a bad plot forever. Another lottery, another chance.

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542.156 - 557.262 Markus Hofmann

And this is the reason why we have the raffle every 10 years. So in one year you are lucky, you get better land, or next time you are not so lucky, you get more worse. The O-Sync doesn't belong to anybody.

557.941 - 560.722 Friedrich Neuser

It actually belongs to everybody.

561.262 - 583.211 Emma Peaslee

And while we don't do a lot of things today the way we did in the 1500s, for good reason, this land lottery has not changed at all. Every 10 years, in a year that ends in four, right after the harvest, the people here have held a lottery. No matter what. In 1984, the year it rained the day before the lottery and the fields were muddy, they did the lottery.

584.031 - 591.095 Emma Peaslee

Even in 1944, during World War II, when bombers flew overhead, they still did the lottery.

592.655 - 618.445 Friedrich Neuser

And today, in 2024. It's sunny, a little windy, and people are milling around, mostly dressed in jeans and hiking boots. But there's also a man dressed in lederhosen and a woman in a red velvet dress with puffy sleeves and a crown. Is that the empress? Kunikunde is coming. Kunikunde is coming. When the lottery begins, hundreds of people spill out of the tent and onto a gravel path.

Chapter 2: How do farmers prepare for the land lottery?

638.803 - 647.79 Emma Peaslee

Friedrich, the potato farmer, is moving fast. He has real dad at the airport energy. He's walking with a purpose, and we initially lose him in the crowd.

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648.19 - 666.103 Friedrich Neuser

Oh, there he is. Hello again. Hello again. We're going to walk plot to plot and watch as they randomly draw winners at each one. In total, the group will walk to about 600 plots. It's a long walk. It's a long walk? It's a long walk, yes. I hope I wore the right shoes. We never walk alone.

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667.11 - 678.912 Emma Peaslee

We get to our first plot with Friedrich and his son Veit, who's taking over the farm. Veit has all the stakes with their name. They have nine stakes for nine plots of land. Some farmers have dozens of stakes, others just a few.

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679.392 - 695.275 Friedrich Neuser

The master of ceremonies stands in the middle of the crowd with a bag that has the names of all the farmers in it. Friedrich has a blank map of the Olsing, ready to be filled in if they call his name. We check out this first plot. How is this land? Is this good or this bad?

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695.993 - 697.475 Veit Neuser

No, everything is good land here.

697.495 - 698.076 Friedrich Neuser

This would be good?

698.116 - 698.917 Veit Neuser

Yeah, it's good.

699.577 - 701.059 Friedrich Neuser

What is so good about this land here?

701.079 - 707.647 Veit Neuser

Now it's the same ground, it's sandy, no stone, small stone.

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