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Short Wave

The secret behind clownfish stripes and more fishy fascinations

04 May 2026

Transcription

Transcript generated automatically by AI and may contain errors.

Chapter 1: What fascinating stories about clownfish are shared in this episode?

1.718 - 22.026 Unknown

On Consider This, NPR's afternoon news podcast, we cover everything from politics to the economy to the world. But every story starts with a question. At NPR, we stand for your right to be curious, to make sense of the biggest story of the day and what it means for you. Follow Consider This wherever you get your podcasts.

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24.79 - 36.302 Regina Barber

You're listening to Shortwave from NPR. Hey there, Shore Wavers. It's Regina Barber, and today we're going underwater with science reporter Ari Daniel. Hey, Ari.

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36.582 - 37.263 Ari Daniel

Hi, Regina.

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37.503 - 39.004 Regina Barber

So what do you have for us today?

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39.725 - 48.313 Ari Daniel

Well, I want you to think of me in this episode as your, let's say, fairy godfather who's about to grant you three fishes.

49.154 - 51.517 Regina Barber

I love this already. Okay, where are we starting?

51.817 - 59.164 Ari Daniel

We're going to go to the Western Pacific, among the tentacles of a certain kind of anemone called the bubble tip anemone.

59.296 - 61.42 Regina Barber

Are we talking about clownfish?

61.74 - 62.201 Ari Daniel

Bingo.

Chapter 2: Why do tomato clownfish lose their stripes as they mature?

336.468 - 341.596 Regina Barber

To find a fin hold or foothold, right? In this like local social hierarchy.

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341.716 - 367.892 Ari Daniel

Correct. Okay, on to fish number two. We head now to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Pasifik Kiwele Mutambala is a PhD student at the Université de Lubumbashi there. And he told me that 17 years ago, a researcher from his university traveled to a waterfall in the south of the country where he saw something remarkable, Regina. Some fishes can climb up the waterfalls.

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367.973 - 372.679 Regina Barber

Fish climbing up waterfalls. I remember seeing these videos and it blew my mind.

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372.96 - 397.373 Ari Daniel

It's incredible. They're called shell ears. Each one's the size of a fat French fry that can scale this 50-foot rock face behind the waterfall. Now, this behavior of climbing, it's been documented in fish and other parts of the world, but Pacifique says never before in Africa. That researcher 17 years ago, he filmed the phenomenon but ended up losing the footage.

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397.353 - 398.694 Regina Barber

Oh, no.

398.714 - 417.511 Ari Daniel

Devastating. And so that's why Pacifique, as a master's student, was determined to go get some evidence. So for a few years running during the rainy season, Pacifique visited the raucous Luilombo Falls, which you can hear in this video that he took, in search of upwardly mobile fish.

418.832 - 426.059 Pacifique Mutambala

I tried to go close to the falls and observe very clearly what fishes can do.

426.079 - 427.36 Ari Daniel

He got drenched.

428.386 - 431.434 Pacifique Mutambala

I was totally worried.

Chapter 3: What unique climbing abilities do fish in the Democratic Republic of Congo have?

565.463 - 573.791 Ari Daniel

These guys, it's just keep climbing, just keep climbing. And the entire ascent takes close to 10 hours. It's an enormous effort.

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574.111 - 577.935 Regina Barber

Why? Where are they going through all of that, going up that waterfall?

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577.915 - 584.803 Ari Daniel

The researchers can't be sure. Maybe there's better food up there or less predation, but it's still an open question.

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584.952 - 592.526 Regina Barber

This is so fascinating, Ari. I love this. Okay, let's move on to my third and final fish.

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592.846 - 607.994 Ari Daniel

Okay, this one takes us to the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago to a fish that the staff there believe has never been reared before in captivity. The aquarium has a small tank with two warty frogfish.

608.315 - 608.395

Huh.

609.067 - 615.396 Regina Barber

Okay, awardee frogfish? I love this name. Okay, I'm going to look it up. It sounds very Halloween-y.

615.636 - 621.304 Ari Daniel

It'd be a great costume, actually, now that you mention it. Each one's about the size of a tennis ball.

621.324 - 625.63 Jenny Richards

These are very globular-looking fish. It is comically round.

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