Plants are blooming right now – and so are people's allergies. And if it feels like those pesky symptoms are getting worse ... you're probably right. Wednesday, a review published in the journal The Laryngoscope looked at the link between climate change and increasing rates of allergic rhinitis, or hay fever. So today, we turn back to a classic Short Wave episode from Brit Hanson and Maddie Sofia, who spoke to allergy expert Dr. Juanita Mora about some quick tips for managing seasonal allergies.Want more of the science behind your health questions? Send us an email at [email protected]. Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy
Chapter 1: What is the link between climate change and worsening allergies?
Wednesday, actually, a review was published in the journal Laryngoscope looking at the link between climate change and allergic rhinitis or hay fever. What they found confirms what we discussed in a classic shortwave episode by Britt Hansen and Maddie Safaya. Today on the show, we revisit Britt's investigation into whether allergy season is getting worse every year.
Britt and Maddie talk to an expert and get quick tips for dealing with allergies, which affects over 68 million adults in the U.S. You're listening to Shortwave, the science podcast from NPR.
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Okay, Britt, we are talking about whether or not allergy season is getting worse. So who'd you talk to?
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Chapter 2: Who is Dr. Juanita Mora and what is her expertise?
Yeah, so I called Dr. Juanita Mora. She's an allergist and immunologist based in Chicago.
As an allergist, I get to treat people of all ages, from little babies all the way to adults with environmental allergies, asthma, hives, eczema.
Maddie, she absolutely loves her job, especially because of that bit she mentioned about working with generations, babies, adolescents, parents, grandparents, all in the same family. And she does a lot of education and outreach in the community, too. I want her to be my allergist, Britt. I know, right?
So, Maddie, one of the things that Juanita wanted to make really clear when I asked her about whether or not allergy season is getting longer is that we were specifically talking about seasonal allergies. So, like, pollen. Exactly.
springtime, which is tree pollen, summertime, which is grass pollen, and ragweed, which is fall. And then you have the mix of mold in the spring and fall as well, too.
What a mix, Britt. What a mix. Okay, so what did you find out? This is an investigative report, and I want answers. Okay, okay, okay. I'm just going to play the tape.
It feels like allergy season is getting worse every year. Is that actually true? Is allergy season getting worse every year?
So definitely, allergy seasons are getting longer, so spanning more days. And we're also seeing higher numbers of pollen levels as well, too.
Okay. All right. Well, that was easy. You were right. I mean, do we know why the pollen levels are higher and the seasons are getting longer? I have an idea, but I want you to tell me.
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Chapter 3: Are allergy seasons really getting longer and worse?
We know that sunlight combined with carbon dioxide fuels the growth of plants. So whenever we have more carbon dioxide in the air, then we have more pollen production.
Okay, so basically the more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the more pollen that is produced.
Yeah, that's right. And here's the bad news. We know that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased more than 25 percent over about 50 years time. And a big reason for that is carbon emissions caused by humans. So as the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is rising, so is the amount of pollen being produced by lots of plants, at least up to a point.
OK, what is factor number two?
Rising temperatures.
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Chapter 4: Why is there more pollen in the air now than before?
Now we have overlapping seasons as well, too, with the increased rising temperatures. So you have trees coexisting with grass and now you have grass with actual ragweed and molds. So it makes allergy sufferers even more aware of their symptoms.
So, Maddie, not only is there more pollen being produced in general because of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there's also more pollen because the longer warm weather lasts, the longer the pollen season.
Chapter 5: How does rising carbon dioxide contribute to increased pollen?
Okay.
Basically, higher temperatures are causing pollen to start growing sooner and then keep it growing longer. Ugh. Yeah. One recent study found that the pollen season in North America has lengthened more than 20 days from 1990 to 2018. Right.
I feel like a lot of this comes back to climate change. I mean, increased CO2, rising temperatures. Like, I know it's pretty complicated. Like, am I oversimplifying this here?
You're not. Not at all. Juanita says that that's the capital B big factor, climate change. So let's take ragweed, for example. One study done in Europe estimates that by 2050, airborne ragweed pollen concentrations could be about four times higher than they are right now. And researchers say that climate change is one of the major contributing factors.
Because of the increased carbon dioxide levels, the rising temperatures, it's the perfect storm for this.
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Chapter 6: What role do rising temperatures play in allergy season changes?
Wow. All right. Well, honestly, Brett, all you did was bring me bad news today.
Chapter 7: How do overlapping pollen seasons affect allergy sufferers?
I'm the worst. So, okay, how about this? I'll share a bit of helpful allergy advice with you and all of our fellow allergy sufferers.
I think at this point it's the least you could do, Brett Hansen.
OK, so Juanita shared a few tips with me and I've been using them myself. So tip number one, if it's allergy season, do not sleep with your windows open. And if you like go out for a drive, keep your windows up in the car, too.
OK, I didn't know that. Keep the outside out. Got it. Check.
Exactly. So tip number two, if you are outside for any extended period of time, take a shower when you come home.
Okay, wash the outside off you and your clothes if you go out there.
Yes. And lastly, tip number three, check the pollen count online. You can also download one of these apps that shows you the pollen count in your area. It's really helpful.
OK, so like I know when it's getting really bad out there. All right. I'm about to download that. OK. All right, Britt. Thank you so much for validating the allergy struggle and also for sharing some tips with us.
Oh, my God. No problem. Maddie, one more thing, though. Juanita says that these masks we're all wearing to keep ourselves and other people safe during the pandemic. Those are great for lessening allergy symptoms, too. So bonus, wear your mask, everybody. Just do it.
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