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Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?
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Guaranteed human. Joy is essential and it's also elusive. But now there's a new and exciting way to start your journey toward a more joyful existence. Joy 101. It's a new podcast hosted by me, Hoda Kotb. If you're craving inspiration to maximize your joy, tune into these candid, uplifting, and moving on-air chats. Open your free iHeartRadio app, search Joy 101, and listen now.
Joy 101 with Hoda Kotb is presented by CVS.
June is Black Music Month, and on the Drink Champs podcast, we're speaking with the hottest names in the culture, like Swae Lee.
Do you realize how legendary you are? I appreciate that. I be seeing it, but I'm like, man, I still got like so much more to do. Like Prince, he dropped like 30 albums. We dropped like five right now. That's the rate we got to be going. Yeah, that's a good attitude. No matter the era, Drink Champs brings you the biggest names and the most unfiltered conversations.
Listen to Drink Champs from the Black Effect Podcast Network on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Here's something that should not be as complicated as it is, getting a racist statue removed. And here's something that should be a whole lot easier than it is, getting a new one put up in its place. I'm Akilah Hughes, and Rebel Spirit Season 2 is about both of those things.
As I was watching these statues come down, I was thinking about what it meant that I grew up in a majority Black city, in which there were more homages to enslavers than there were to enslaved people.
Listen to Rebel Spirit Season 2 on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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Chapter 2: What is the Big Bang Theory and why is it significant?
Oh, okay. But we've made another 126 years. Well, no, we've made some incredibly huge strides in the last 150, 200 years in our understanding thus far, right? So I think that's not a bad guess, right? So it'd be a strength heiress, right, to marry all these... I don't know. Probably. I don't know. And that's what NDT said. That's what we call him now. Yeah. That's what he said.
He was like, who knows? It could be string theory. Maybe someone will be able to come up with a unified theory, what's called the theory of everything that unifies the four fundamental forces back into their single version of a force. Man. Or maybe we just don't understand quantum physics enough quite yet. Yeah. And when we figure that out a little more, that will unlock some keys for us.
Unbelievable. So, Chuck, before we get into how we started to come to understand the Big Bang and the origin of the universe, let's take a break real quick, all right? I'm going to go wipe my brow. You're doing great.
Hey, I'm Hoda Kotb, host of the podcast Joy 101 with Hoda Kotb. Together, we're going to have meaningful conversations with the world's most fascinating people, like when actress Olivia Munn shared how she overcame fierce health challenges.
I've gone through breast cancer and then helped my mother through breast cancer, and that was more difficult. There's a lot of people who understand postpartum depression. I was not prepared for postpartum anxiety.
Listen to Joy 101 with Hoda Kotb on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Mainstream media is full of cruel depictions of the unhoused, stories that shame and blame and paint the unhoused as a monolith. We The Unhoused is the podcast that's changing that. I'm Theo Henderson, creator and host, and for years I've created a space where the unhoused and their advocates can tell their own stories. In the last few months alone, I've interviewed unhoused parents,
immigrants, mutual aid organizers, veterans, the LGBTQTIA plus community, and the policymakers who make the laws that impact the unhoused existence. We The Unhoused is a two-time Webby and Signal Award-winning show with many exciting guests on the horizon.
Tune in this week for my interview with Dr. Jill Wichler, a street doctor turned influencer whose work with the unhoused community has made a huge impact online and in her community. Listen to Weezy and Howes on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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Chapter 3: How did the Big Bang Theory evolve over time?
So he said, you know what, as this noise approaches you, the sound waves it generates compress and it's going to change that frequency, or at least how you perceive it, in a different pitch. So as it moves away from you, those waves are going to stretch, that pitch goes down, and I'm going to name this effect after myself. Right. Well, I'll let my wife do it. So I don't look like a jerk. Right.
So basically you marry these two things, light wavelengths and the Doppler effect. Right. And it sort of led us down this path to where we could understand the Big Bang.
Right, it would indicate that something that was emitting light out there in the universe whose light moved toward the red end of the spectrum would be emitting longer wavelengths, which would suggest, based on Christian Doppler's findings, that it was moving away, right? Yeah, and they found that. They said, look at these stars.
Some of the light is falling into this right-hand side, and does that mean it's moving away and it's getting faster?
Right. Like it wants to get away from us.
That's where Edwin Hubble came in. He basically said, yeah, this is really weird, guys, because some of these stars appear to have a velocity that's proportional to its distance from the Earth. Like there seems to be some sort of rhyme or reason here to it. And it suggested to Hubble and later on to everybody else, including Einstein, as we'll see, that the universe itself was expanding.
And this is where we came to the genuine origin of the Big Bang theory, the idea that the universe was expanding and expanding. At a constant rate too, right? Yes. Is that the idea? Is that the Hubble constant? No, no, no. The Hubble constant is the proportion between, or the relationship between how fast something is moving away from us to its distance from us.
Well, yeah, I guess it is a constant rate. I mean... And actually, no, the universe appears to be expanding more quickly than it was before. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, so it's increasing, which makes a lot of people really nervous. That's what I meant, but it is constant in its relationship. Does that make sense?
Yeah, the Hubble constant has to do not necessarily with the inflation of the universe itself or the expansion of the universe itself, but how fast, say, a star is moving away from us. And the further away from us it is, it appears to be moving faster than others that are closer.
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Chapter 4: What evidence supports the Big Bang Theory?
So expansion is the basis of the Big Bang Theory. It's the idea that the universe has expanded over time so that by logic, since time is one of the four dimensions that we live in, right? You've got the three dimensions plus time, so therefore space-time describes the fabric of the universe and the reality we live in, right? That's right.
So by logic of that, if you went backward in time, the universe would be smaller and smaller and smaller. And the more they started looking into it, the more their minds started popping as they realized, like, wow, this thing was really, really small once. And that's the basis of it. Inflation theory comes in and suggests how that happened, how that expansion happened.
And it fills in a lot of blanks that we'll also talk about. Yes, you mentioned Einstein earlier. He's a noted smart guy. Yeah. And he actually had some issues because it conflicted somewhat with his general relativity theories because he subscribed to his own theory that the universe was static. It's not expanding. Right.
I think he was a member of, there was a way of viewing the universe that it was always this way, it was always spread out this way. Right. It wasn't getting bigger. That's nuts. And so he figured that his general theory of relativity would prove this.
and actually he was extremely surprised to find that his own general theory of relativity actually said, no, the universe is either expanding or contracting. It's certainly not steady. And then Edwin Hubble came along, and he had his findings, and Einstein said, you know what? I was wrong. Yeah, I'm a big enough man to admit it. Yeah, that's the kind of guy I am.
And one day people are going to keep my brain in a jar in a barn. And slice it up. It's going to go on a car trip. That was a good episode we did, too. Yeah, did we do one on that? Oh, yeah. On its own? Einstein's Brain. Oh, yeah, that's right. Boy, those were the good old days. Einstein's Brain episodes? Sure. Yeah.
All right, so let's talk about some of the predictions that rose from the theory that the universe is expanding. One is, and Strickland says, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, which is a fancy way of saying it's made up of the same materials and completely uniformed. Here is one of the first times we run into something where you're like, what are you talking about?
It's funny if you read Strickland's article and I sent him an email saying as much that I was like, this is really well written. But if you just read the words you're saying, it sounds like it was written by someone who is totally insane. You know?
And he makes the point too, he's like, well yeah, all you have to do is look out into the Milky Way or anything like that, anything we can see easily and see that it looks different. Like there's not a star that looks just like our sun with the same number of planets looking around. The point is is that you look, if you,
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Chapter 5: What are the misconceptions about the Big Bang?
Yeah, I think it's a very human-centric thing to say. But the reason why some people say that is that they are, if you look around, that expansion that we're seeing is everything's going away from us. Right. Which is like, why is that happening? Like, we should be going along at least with something else.
But the idea is that we're not because we're the center of the universe, but the implications of that are so mind-boggling that it's just not possible almost. That we're actually at the center of the universe when we're just this small segment of a tiny bubble in a frothy sea that defies proportions. There's no way that's the center of the universe.
So another prediction was, and we talked a little bit about the intense heat at the very first moments of the Big Bang, and if that were true, then you would feel and see this radiation, I guess not see it, but you would have this radiation expanded over the entire galaxy in roughly equal proportions.
Yeah, because again, remember, the universe is homogenous and isotropic, so if there was radiation, it should be evenly distributed. Yeah, they call it an echo I've seen described in some circles. Makes sense. Right, okay, so apparently back in the 40s they detected this stuff and didn't know what they were looking at.
And in the 60s, they figured out, holy cow, this is the cosmic microwave background, which is basically, I think of it as more like a fingerprint, the fingerprints of the universe, right? And it's evenly distributed. It's this trace radiation that's still around from the Big Bang. which is pretty amazing.
So when you put that and the discovery that the universe does seem to be homogeneous and isotropic, along with the fact that we discovered this cosmic radiation background that's evenly distributed throughout the universe, it really gives a lot of credence to the Big Bang Theory. And so too does this gravitational wave.
The gravitational wave discovery, they apparently found curls in the cosmic microwave background that are remnants of gravitational wave from the Big Bang too. So it's just getting supported all over the place and everybody's super happy about it. Yeah, there's like real observational data there. All right, we teased those first nanoseconds, nanomoments after the Big Bang.
So let's talk about them right now. The earliest thing that scientists can even talk about, like with a straight face, like later on when they're having drinks at the bar, I bet they talk about before this. But if they're like on a podium...
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Chapter 6: How do scientists explain the expansion of the universe?
Right. In front of an audience. Yeah. They can go back as far as I'll just say the equation even though it will make no sense to anyone. T equals 1 times 10 to the negative 43 seconds. May I? Yes. Okay. So T equals the time after the creation of the universe. Yep. And as far back as they've gone is 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1. Second after the creation of the universe. That's how far back they've been able to trace the Big Bang. 43. Nice work. Isn't that amazing? That fraction of one second is how far back they've been able to figure it out.
And so much happened in that first second, Chuck, that just fractions of that fraction are, like I said before, like different epochs in the age of the universe. Like entire epochs happen in trillions of a trillionth of a second. I know. It's just so mind-boggling. I know. I love it, though. Like, I've really given myself over to this. I was fighting it at first.
Like, well, that doesn't make sense. I don't want to. How does that make sense? And I did look plenty of stuff up.
Yeah.
But I also just kind of was like, I'm just taking this on faith. Despite what NDT says, like, you do kind of have to take this on faith, especially if you're not an astrophysicist. And I just kind of gave myself over to it, and I love it. You know what happens when my mind gets bent like that too far? I just have some pie. Oh, that's good stuff.
Yeah. What kind?
I'm just going to stare at the wall and have some pie. What do you recommend? Doesn't matter. Pecan. Okay. So something super sweet, not fruity. What's a fruity pie? Like a cherry pie or apple pie. I like a good apple crumble pie. Oh, yeah. I do too. But not like the one with the crisscross pastry on top. I don't really discriminate against pie. Sure.
I tend more toward the fruity section of the pie spectrum. And I tend to think of pecan like right in the middle. Yeah. But then on the other end, you have like your creamy and chocolate mousse pies and stuff like that. I tend to be on the other side a little more. Or good lemon pie, lemon icebox.
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