Pre-Order The Forever Strong PLAYBOOK and receive exclusive bonuses: https://drgabriellelyon.com/playbook/Want ad-free episodes, exclusives and access to community Q&As? Subscribe to Forever Strong Insider: https://foreverstrong.supercast.comAre your immune cells aging faster than you are? In this episode, Dr. Gabrielle Lyon sits down with Dr. Anurag Singh, a leading physician-researcher and Chief Medical Officer at Timeline, to discuss a groundbreaking discovery: the gut-muscle-immune axis. While we often focus on muscle mass for longevity, new research published in Nature Aging reveals that our immune system undergoes a similar decline, with youthful sentinel cells (naive CD8 T-cells) dropping by 75% as we reach age 50. Dr. Singh explains how mitophagy —the targeted recycling of damaged mitochondria—is the key to "rewiring" an aging immune system to fight infection 20% more effectively. In this episode: Alzheimer’s of the Muscle: Why sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is often misdiagnosed as simple aging. The Power of Urolithin A: How this postbiotic compound induces mitophagy to increase mitochondrial abundance by 20% in just 28 days. Immune Imprinting: Why children get 6-8 colds a year while adults only average 2-4. Repurposing Longevity Drugs: Dr. Singh’s take on Metformin, Rapamycin, and GLP-1s for life extension. The 1:1 Exercise Rule:Why 150 minutes of moderate activity is the threshold for mitochondrial biogenesis. Thank you to our sponsors: BodyHealth - Use the code LYON 20 to get 20% off your first order https://www.bodyhealthaffiliates.com/73L4QL3/7XDN2/ Timeline - Get 35% off a Mitopure subscription at https://www.timeline.com/drlyon Manukora - Go to https://www.MANUKORA.com/DRLYON to save 31% plus $25 worth of free gifts. Chapters: 0:00 - Can You Tell If Your Immune System Is Healthy? 1:37 - Alzheimer’s of the Muscle: Muscle-Immune Dysfunction 5:59 - The Thymus Design Flaw: Why Our Immune "Ammo" Disappears 8:44 - Naive CD8 T-Cells: The Elite Forces of Immunity 12:24 - The Axis of Aging: Mitochondria and Immune Cells in Muscle 16:15 - Mitophagy vs. Autophagy: Targeted Cellular Recycling 19:11 - Study Review: Rewiring the Immune System with Urolithin A 24:13 - Mitochondrial Remodeling: Switching from Glucose to Fatty Acids 27:45 - The Trifecta: Gut-Muscle-Immune Axis Connection 31:13 - Parkinson’s and the PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy Pathway 35:04 - Clinical Results: Improving Leg Strength in 4 Months 38:51 - Joint Health: Can We Remodel Cartilage with Mitophagy? 43:34 - Targeted Mitophagy Inducers: Exercise vs. Postbiotics 46:44 - Precision Nutrition: The Ideal Muscle Longevity Supplement 53:33 - Why Alzheimer’s is Now Considered an Inflammatory Disease 1:00:13 - The Placebo Effect: You Cannot Deceive the Immune System 1:03:13 - Lymphocyte Counts: The Clinical Marker for Immune Aging 1:08:14 - Rapamycin and Metformin: The Future of Longevity Drugs 1:11:42 - Optimal Dosing: Why 1,000mg of Urolithin A is the Standard 1:15:13 - Sports Medicine: Reducing Muscle Damage Markers (Creatine Kinase) 1:20:03 - The Final Frontier: Brain Aging and Selenium Repair Connect with Dr. Anurag Singh Instagram: @timeline_longevity Website: https://www.timeline.comFind Dr. Gabrielle Lyon at: Instagram:@drgabriellelyon TikTok: @drgabriellelyon

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.