The Joe Rose Show

Best Of Heat on 104.3 WQAM: Tanking Logic, Roster Flaws, and the Play-In Push

29 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Following a "soft" loss to San Antonio, the 104.3 WQAM crew analyzes the widening gap between lottery-built juggernauts and play-in mainstays. We dive...

Best Interviews on 104.3 WQAM: March 23-27

29 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Listen to a selection of the best interviews this week from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Solana. Hear from Jai Lucas, Mari...

Best Of Hurricanes on 104.3 WQAM: Spring Practice, Pro Day & Appreciating the Men's Basketball Team

29 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM presents a collection of the best Miami Hurricanes talk of the week from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Solana. T...

Best Of Dolphins on 104.3 WQAM: A Fresh Era for Fins Football

28 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM brings you a collection of insights into the new-look Miami Dolphins from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Solana. ...

Best Of Marlins on 104.3 WQAM: Chatting with Clayton McCullough, Pete Fairbanks, and Craig Mish

28 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM, the new radio home of the Miami Marlins, presents a trio of interviews this week with baseball season now underway. Hear from manager Clay...

Best Of Panthers on 104.3 WQAM: Navigating an Injury Nightmare

28 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM presents a collection of Florida Panthers discussions from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Solana. The crew breaks...

Best of Joe Rose Show: Mar. 23-27

28 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Best of the Joe Rose Show features a loaded lineup of top guests and big South Florida storylines. Kyle Crabbs kicks things off breaking down Tua Tago...

Best Of Dolphins on 104.3 WQAM: Shredding Tua For His Miami Jabs

28 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM brings you the best discussions surrounding Tua Tagovailoa's departure and his first press conference with the Atlanta Falcons. Hear the cr...

Full Show- 03/27/2026

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

On Friday, the guys break down the Panthers’ heartbreaking loss and injury struggles, the Miami Heat facing the Cavaliers again, and Coco Gauff maki...

HR 1- Panthers Heartbreaker, Does Tanking Work?, Dolphins Rumors

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with a tough loss for the Florida Panthers, who fall in the final seconds, but still deliver free Chick-fil-A nuggets thanks to a big...

HR 2- Brady’s Return?, Simpson vs. Mendoza, Hollywood’s Headlines

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 kicks off with the guys reacting to buzz about Tom Brady potentially considering another NFL comeback, despite his roles with the Las Vegas Rai...

HR 3- Achane Situation, Marlins Opening Day, Clayton McCoullough Joins

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 dives into South Florida sports with a mix of NFL and MLB updates. The guys break down the Miami Dolphins’ offseason questions, including De’...

HR 4- Achane Dilemma, Mike Florio Joins, Miami Buzz

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 kicks off with a look at all the big events happening in Miami tonight, from the Miami Open to Marlins Opening Day and the ULTRA Music Festival...

Mike Florio Joins – NFL Insights & Dolphins Talk

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Florio joins to weigh in on the Miami Dolphins’ De’Von Achane situation, discussing whether they should extend him or consider trading him, a...

Marlins Opening Day Breakdown with Clayton McCullough

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Marlins Manager Clayton McCullough joins the show to preview Opening Day and break down the team’s roster and strategy for the season. He discusses ...

De’Von Achane’s Future with the Dolphins

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys break down contract rumors surrounding De'Von Achane and discuss the growing trend of players holding out in pursuit of new deals. Joe explai...

Tank Talk, Should Dolphins Trade Achane?

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys debate the growing trend of tanking across the NBA and whether it actually leads to long-term success. The conversation shifts to the Miami D...

Simpson Over Mendoza?!

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys react to buzz surrounding the NFL Draft QB debate, with Dan Orlovsky claiming that Ty Simpson is a better NFL prospect than Fernando Mendoza....

Tom Brady to Play in the NFL Again?

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys dive into the buzz around Tom Brady potentially considering another NFL comeback, even while serving as a broadcaster and part-owner of the L...

Hollywood’s Headlines- Shohei Ball, Gold Shoes, 9-9-9 Challenge

27 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hollywood’s Headlines includes a look at the Japanese Grand Prix, while also reacting to Netflix raising prices yet again. The guys discuss a Shohei...

Full Show- 03/26/2026

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

On Thursday's show the Miami Heat snap their five-game losing streak, the guys weigh in on Tua Tagovailoa’s controversial comments about the Dolphin...

HR 1- Heat Handle Cavs, Tua Under Fire, Simpson vs. Mendoza

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with the Miami Heat snapping their five-game losing streak with a strong team win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. The focus quickly shi...

HR 2- Dolphins Discussion, Kim Bokamper Joins, Hollywood’s Headlines

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 kicks off with a look at the Miami Open before diving into the upcoming NFL Draft and the debate sparked by Dan Orlovsky ranking Ty Simpson ove...

HR 3- Old School Stories, Tiger/Scottie Scheffler, Kim Bokamper Joins

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 opens with Joe and Kim Bokamper reminiscing about the wild days of concerts in the ’70s and ’80s, from Woodstock-style festivals to the fre...

HR 4- Music Talk, NFL Draft Discussion, South Florida Stars

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 dives into a mix of sports and music with Joe, Kim Bokamper, and Hollywood. The conversation kicks off with Bokamper weighing in on the top qua...

Kim Bokamper Reacts to Tua’s Comments

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Kim Bokamper joins the show and reacts to Tua Tagovailoa’s recent comments, with both he and Joe Rose taking issue with Tua appearing to call out th...

NFL Draft Discussion, Can Dolphins Compete in AFC East?

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys dive into the upcoming NFL Draft, starting with a look at Rueben Bain’s draft stock and where he could land. They also react to Dan Orlovsk...

Mendoza vs. Simpson

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys debate top quarterback prospects for the NFL Draft, focusing on Fernando Mendoza vs. Ty Simpson. Dan Orlovsky believes Simpson has the edge, ...

Heat Bounce Back, Tua’s Comments, NFL Draft

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The Miami Heat snap their five-game losing streak with an impressive team win over the Cleveland Cavaliers, showing signs of life after a tough stretc...

Joe and Bo Talk Golf- TGL, Tiger, & Scheffler

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys dive into a golf segment discussing Tiger Woods and the excitement around the TGL tour. They highlight Scottie Scheffler as the best golfer s...

Hollywood’s Headlines- Flag Football, Tiger’s Return?, Shaq/Sabrina

26 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hollywood’s Headlines includes a flag football event that drew solid—but not spectacular—viewership, along with pro flag football players taking...

Full Show- 03/25/2026

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

On Wednesday’s show, the guys break down the latest in Miami sports and beyond, starting with a debate over the Florida Panthers’ high-scoring win...

HR 1- Panthers Dilemma, Dolphins Fresh Start, Miami Open

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with the guys reacting to a high-scoring win from the Florida Panthers and debating whether winning could actually hurt their draft p...

HR 2- Canes Are Loaded, NFL Bound Canes, Hollywood’s Headlines

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 starts with the guys reacting to the energy around Miami Hurricanes spring practice, where a loaded roster and strong first day have sky-high e...

HR 3- Kyle Crabbs & Pete Fairbanks Join

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 kicks off with Kyle Crabbs joining to break down Tua Tagovailoa’s comments calling out the Miami Dolphins, with Joe Rose firing back. Crabbs ...

HR 4- UNC Job Open, Tua’s Comments, Dolphins Talk

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 opens with Joe, Hollywood, and Jamie discussing the open UNC basketball job, debating whether Todd Golden from Florida or Jai Lucas from Miami ...

Kyle Crabbs on Tua’s Comments, NFL Draft, & Dolphins Rumors

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Kyle Crabbs joins to break down Tua Tagovailoa’s comments calling out the Miami Dolphins, with Joe firing back at Tua’s remarks. Crabbs reflects o...

Pete Fairbanks on Joining the Marlins

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Pete Fairbanks, closing pitcher for the Miami Marlins, joins the show to discuss his decision to sign with the Marlins, highlighting his strong relati...

Dolphins Start From Scratch

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys break down how the Miami Dolphins have completely reset the organization and are starting fresh under a new direction. Joe Rose is encouraged...

Miami Hurricanes Roster Reload

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys provide a quick update on the Miami Open before diving back into Miami Hurricanes spring practice. They break down the QB room, led by new si...

Should Panthers Tank?, Dolphins New Era

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys react to a high-scoring win from the Florida Panthers and debate whether winning at this point actually hurts their draft position, with the ...

Hollywood’s Headlines- March Madness, Viral Repeats, Dating App Danger

25 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hollywood’s Headlines includes March Madness setting a new record as the most-watched first-round ever, up 7%. They also touch on an upcoming ESPN 4...

Full Show- 03/24/206

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The show goes live from Miami Hurricanes spring practice, kicking off with reflections on last season’s national championship run and a look ahead t...

HR 1- Live From UM, Mario Cristobal Joins

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 comes live from Miami Hurricanes spring practice as the guys break down a new era led by QB Darian Mensah and reflect on last year’s team fal...

HR 2- NFL Bound Canes, Dolphins Talk, Kiffin with Cavinders?

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 dives into expectations for the Miami Hurricanes and their strong presence in the upcoming NFL Draft, including a look at Keionte Scott draft s...

HR 3- Canes Rise, Dolphins Expectations, NFL Draft Outlook

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 kicks off with a look at how Mario Cristobal has rebuilt the Miami Hurricanes program after years of instability, with credit also going to uni...

HR 4- Mario Cristobal & Jai Lucas Join

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 goes live from Miami Hurricanes spring practice with Mario Cristobal joining to break down the Canes’ roster, outlook for the season, and key...

Mario Cristobal on Miami’s Rise and Reload

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Mario Cristobal joins the show to break down Miami Hurricanes run to the national championship and reflect on the foundation built by last year’s te...

Jai Lucas on Recruiting and Miami Basketball

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Jai Lucas joins to discuss recruiting for Miami Hurricanes basketball, including efforts already underway in South Florida. He also talks about retain...

Dolphins Honest Expectations, Is Willis the Answer?

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys dive into the state of the Miami Dolphins, debating whether the team is truly rebuilding or tanking. They stress the importance of hitting on...

Canes Expectations & Dolphins Draft Strategy

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys dive into expectations for the Miami Hurricanes and what to watch for as several Canes prepare to hear their names called in the NFL Draft. T...

How Cristobal Rebuilt The Canes

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys discuss how Mario Cristobal has rebuilt the Miami Hurricanes program after years of instability, with coaches constantly cycling through befo...

Canes Expectations, Miami Open, Heat Struggling

24 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys discuss the high expectations surrounding the Miami Hurricanes heading into next season, with an offense returning that could be one of the b...

Full Show- 03/23/2026

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

On today’s show, Joe and Dave break down the biggest local and national sports storylines, starting with March Madness as both the Florida Gators an...

HR 1- Heat Slide, Canes Out, Dolphins Questions

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with March Madness as both the Florida Gators and Miami Hurricanes are bounced in the Round of 32, while the Miami Open delivers anot...

HR 2- Dolphins Direction, Shula Stories, March Madness

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 centers on the Miami Dolphins and their push to rebuild through the draft, with investment in Malik Willis and a renewed focus on developing yo...

HR 3- Heat Cold Streak, NIL Explosion, Dolphins Rumors

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave break down the Miami Heat’s recent four-game losing streak, including a heartbreaking last-second tip-in loss to the Rockets, and discu...

HR 4- NIL Numbers, Heat Discussion, Dolphins Outlook

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave kick off the hour discussing the insane NIL deals in college football, highlighting how much money top college athletes are now earning. ...

Dolphins Leadership & Lack of Talent

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Dave Hyde weighs in on leadership within the Miami Dolphins, sparking a debate with Joe about how much it truly matters compared to overall talent. Lo...

Can Dolphins Get It Right This Time?

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The Miami Dolphins continue to reshape their roster with a clear focus on building through the draft, while also investing in Malik Willis as a key pi...

Coaching Styles & Shula Stories

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys react to Villanova head coach Kevin Willard catching heat for joking about firing his staff during a halftime interview, sparking a broader c...

Heat Struggles & College NIL Money

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave break down the Miami Heat’s recent slide, losing four straight games and falling back into the play-in seed in the East. They analyze t...

Jordyn Brooks Trade Rumors & Dolphins Rebuild

23 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave dive into the speculation surrounding a potential trade for Jordyn Brooks, debating what the Dolphins would need in return and whether tr...

Best Interviews on 104.3 WQAM: March 16-20

22 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM presents a collection of interviews this week from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder, & Solana. Hear from Clayton McCu...

Best Dolphins Interviews on 104.3 WQAM: Kim Bokamper, Mike Florio, Charles Davis

22 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Listen to Joe Rose's conversations this week with Dolphins legend Kim Bokamper, ProFootballTalk's Mike Florio, and CBS' Charles Davis as they unpack a...

Best Of Heat on 104.3 WQAM: Will LeBron James Get a Statue in Miami?

21 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM presents a collection of discussions about the Miami Heat this week from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Solana, a...

Best Of Dolphins on 104.3 WQAM: The Great Roster Purge

21 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

104.3 WQAM presents a collection of the week’s most explosive Dolphins discussions from The Joe Rose Show, Tobin & Leroy, and Hochman, Crowder & Sol...

Best of Joe Rose Show: Mar. 16-20

21 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

In this Best Of episode, Joe and Omar break down the Dolphins trading Jaylen Waddle to the Broncos and what it means for the team moving forward as th...

Best Of Dolphins on 104.3 WQAM: Did the Fins Win the Waddle Trade?

21 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

South Florida is buzzing after the Dolphins traded Jaylen Waddle to the Broncos for a first, a third, and a pick swap. 104.3 WQAM brings you the best ...

Full Show- 03/20/2026

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Today’s show covers a jam-packed lineup of sports and stories, starting with March Madness as Miami prepares to face Missouri, highlighting Jai Luca...

HR 1- March Madness, Heat/Lakers & Dolphins Reset

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with March Madness as Miami gets set to face Missouri, with the guys debating whether this new-look team and coaching staff—led by ...

HR 2- March Storylines, Dolphins Draft Outlook, James Blake Joins

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 kicks off with March Madness highlights, including High Point’s upset over Wisconsin and VCU’s comeback win over UNC, before shifting to th...

HR 3- LeBron, Luka Dominate; Dolphins Decisions Loom

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave break down the Miami Heat’s loss to the Lakers, where Luka Dončić dropped 60 points and LeBron James recorded a triple-double on the ...

HR 4- College Stories, Mike Florio Joins, Dolphins Outlook

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe kicks off the hour with a college story about a buddy who lived by the motto “Go Ugly Early,” going after less attractive girls while others c...

Mike Florio on NFL Storylines, Waddle Trade & Dolphins Decisions

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Mike Florio joins to break down the Miami Dolphins’ recent roster moves and provide insight on league-wide trends. He weighs in on Troy Aikman’s u...

James Blake on Miami Open, Rising Stars & Rivalries

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

James Blake joins the show to break down the Miami Open and all the festivities surrounding the event. He highlights 19-year-old star João Fonseca, w...

Dolphins Reset, Draft Questions & Malik Willis

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

If Willis doesn’t work out, they will go draft a QB next season and can move off Willis The guys discuss the Dolphins’ decision to clean house an...

LeBron, Luka Handle Heat – Can Miami Compete?

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe and Dave break down the Miami Heat’s tough loss to the Lakers, where LeBron James recorded a triple-double and Luka Dončić dropped 60 on the s...

Miami Open, Waddle Trade & Dolphins Draft Pressure

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys discuss the action at the Miami Open, with Dave describing tennis as “civilized boxing,” where players want to go at each other but follo...

March Madness, Lebron & Luka Shine, Miami Open

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys kick things off with March Madness as Miami prepares for Missouri, debating whether this new-look team with a fresh coaching staff can make a...

“Go Ugly Early” & College Eats

20 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Joe shares a funny story about a college buddy who lived by the motto “Go Ugly Early,” going after the less attractive girls while others chased t...

Full Show- 03/19/2026

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Thursday’s show covers the Miami Dolphins’ offseason moves, including the Jaylen Waddle trade, cap space, and draft strategy, while revisiting pas...

HR 1- Dolphins Decisions, Grier’s Mistakes, March Madness

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 includes March Madness officially underway and discussion about the Miami Heat hosting the Los Angeles Lakers, with questions surrounding LeBro...

HR 2- Dolphins Distractions, Charles Davis Joins

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 dives into growing frustration among Miami Dolphins fans after 25 years without a playoff win, with Joe arguing the past shouldn’t be held ag...

HR 3 - Achane Trade Rumors, NFL Draft Priorities, Kim Bokamper Joins

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 features Kim Bokamper weighing in on the De’Von Achane situation, including reports that the Dolphins are telling teams he’s “not availab...

HR 4- Heat Check-in, 80s Dolphins/Marino Stories

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 kicks off with promotion for Marlins Opening Day and a look at the Heat’s push to secure a top 6 seed in the East while avoiding the play-in ...

Charles Davis on Waddle Trade, Dolphins Future, & NFL Storylines

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Charles Davis joins the show to break down the Miami Dolphins trading Jaylen Waddle, explaining why the move makes sense for both sides with Denver in...

Bokamper on Dolphins’ Achane Dilemma

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Kim Bokamper joins the conversation to weigh in on the De’Von Achane situation, including reports that the Dolphins are telling teams he’s “not ...

Dolphins Cap Crunch, Must Build Through Draft

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys discuss the Miami Dolphins’ need to clear cap space, with a looming deadline to free up $8 million and how that impacts their offseason str...

Are Miami Distractions Hurting the Dolphins?

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys discuss growing frustration among Miami Dolphins fans after 25 years without a playoff win, while also questioning how much that history real...

Inside the Dolphins’ Locker Room Drama

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys break down Jaylen Waddle’s role in the NFL, with Joe calling him a perfect No. 2 receiver and expecting big numbers this season after being...

NFL Draft, Bridgewater, and South Florida Nightlife

19 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys break down Fernando Mendoza as a surefire number one NFL Draft pick and discuss the growing trend of top players returning to college rather ...

Full Show- 03/18/2026

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

On Wednesday, the guys break down the Miami Dolphins’ blockbuster Jaylen Waddle trade to the Denver Broncos and what it means for the team’s roste...

HR 1- Dolphins Trade Waddle, Achane Next?, Venezuela Upsets USA

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 1 kicks off with breaking news as the Miami Dolphins trade Jaylen Waddle to the Denver Broncos, a blockbuster move that signals a full rebuild an...

HR 2- Dolphins Plan? USA WBC Failure?

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 2 dives into the fallout from the World Baseball Classic as Venezuela stuns Team USA 3–2 in the championship, a result Joe calls a disappointme...

HR 3- Messi Statue Incoming?, Achane/Waddle Conversation

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 3 features a mix of South Florida sports and big-picture debates, starting with a discussion on whether Lionel Messi deserves a statue with Inter...

HR 4- Achane’s Availability, Dolphins Draft Decisions, Miami Open

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

Hour 4 dives into the latest Miami Dolphins roster moves and offseason strategy, starting with reports that De’Von Achane is “not available” t...

Waddle Traded, Could Achane Be Next?

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys continue to break down the Jaylen Waddle trade, taking a closer look at Chris Grier’s tenure with the Dolphins and some of the draft misses...

De’Von Achane is Not Available?

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys react to reports that the Miami Dolphins are telling teams De’Von Achane is “not available,” with Omar Kelly noting that phrasing often...

Dolphins Trade Waddle, Look Towards the Draft

18 Mar 2026

Contributed by Lukas

The guys react to the Miami Dolphins trading Jaylen Waddle, with Omar Kelly saying that for the right price, nearly everyone on the roster—except Pa...