Artemis Splashdown; Microplastic Oops; Ancient Eyes on Heads
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What is the main topic discussed in this episode?
the last show with David Cooper, where we utilize nonlinear reverse inverse backward thinking protocols. It sounds like this.
Coming in in the Western Hemisphere corner from the coast of San Diego at 10,000 meters per second, a little more actually, crashes the Artemis II rocket into Earth, landing. It's amazing. We're back from the moon. Jesse Rogerson is here. He is an astrological physician. No, an astrophysicist. That's the one.
Close enough.
What challenges does Artemis II face during re-entry?
And a professor at York University to discuss all things space. Jesse, what a pleasure it is having you back on the show.
Why, thank you so much. It's great to be back. Have you been having a lot of fun talking about space this entire mission?
I have. I've missed you. You normally come on the show. You've been away for a few months, heads down in the books, teaching students that are somehow more important than me. I'm not upset, but I am glad you're back. How you been?
It's been great. Teaching undergrads is so much fun. They're trying to build a career for themselves. They want to learn. They want to get out. They want to make a difference in the world. I had a couple of new courses that I was teaching. One was an astrophysics course. One was a physics course. It was a lot of fun to see them grow through it. Heads down in the books was a lot of fun. But I didn't get as much opportunity to talk to the regular people, the non-undergrads about space. So it's good to be back.
The nundergrads. All right. So walk me through re-entry with a spaceship because this is not a trivial thing. When we wave our hands through the air, we don't feel it. But air causes an incredible amount of friction. And so when things enter the atmosphere, whether it's an asteroid or a spaceship or whatever... they get super hot. And this is not a trivial problem for like, I don't know, physicists, spacecraft designers, aeronautical spatial engineers to do. Did I get any of those words right?
Close enough. See, here's the thing. When you fly in space, when you launch off of the earth and you want to go into orbit around the earth or orbit at the moon or whatever, the required velocities are tens of thousands of kilometers an hour. In order, you have to move that fast to in order to not fall back to earth that's the basics of the like force of gravity so you have to achieve these velocities you do that with these big rockets and you get moving but then when you're most of that acceleration is done after you've gotten above most of the atmosphere so you know the it the atmosphere is thickest near the surface So at the surface, the rocket, when it's launching, is not moving tens of thousands of kilometers an hour.
They don't have to deal with that atmosphere drag as much. But when you achieve orbital velocities, you're above the atmosphere. And now you're moving at a speed so fast that you can't do that in the atmosphere. So now they're on their way back and they have to find a way to shed tens. I think they're moving at like 40,000 kilometers an hour. which is insane. And they have to get to zero kilometers an hour without having any serious injury or destruction of a spacecraft or anything like that.
Now, you could load up like double your fuel and slow down and have a rocket shooting in reverse. But that would be an incredible waste of fuel. So they use the air to slow down.
That's right.
The problem is as the air hits the thing, it heats up the ship to like, what, 3000 degrees Celsius, which is balmy by anyone.
Even more. It gets it can get to so that the surface of the sun is about 5000 Celsius and it gets hotter than that. So what happens is the spacecraft, when it starts entering the atmosphere, it's not about friction. It's actually about compression. So the spacecraft actually squishes the air in front of it really, really quickly. And when you squish a gas, when you make its volume smaller, you shoot its temperature up like crazy. And if you do it really fast, then you shock it really, really hot.
Am I going to shock you right now when I throw some letters at you?
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