Sandro Botticelli was born in Florence around 1445 and rose to prominence under the patronage of the powerful Medici family, especially Lorenzo de’ Medici. In their cultured circle he painted refined mythological works like Primnavera and The Birth of Venus, images that defined the elegance of the Florentine Renaissance. But after Lorenzo’s death in 1492, Florence changed. The fiery preacher Girolamo Savonarola denounced luxury and pagan art, predicting divine punishment and even an apocalyptic turning point around 1500. Botticelli fell under his influence; his later paintings grew darker, more religious, and stripped of classical sensuality. When Savonarola was executed in 1498, the spiritual fervour collapsed, and so did Botticelli’s standing. Tastes shifted, new masters like Leonardo and Michelangelo dominated, and Botticelli died in 1510 relatively poor and largely forgotten, his earlier brilliance eclipsed by the very religious zeal he had embraced.

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