Show notes
The Space Show Presents Gary Barnhard, Friday, May 8, 2026Quick Summary:The Space Show discussed space data centers with Gary Barnard, who explained the engineering challenges and potential solutions for placing data centers in space. Gary emphasized the importance of treating space data centers as combined heat and power problems rather than just power generation issues and highlighted how SpaceX’s Starlink constellation already represents an existence proof of space-based computing. Kevin Berry and Dr. Suzanne Sincavage also joined to discuss their work on space infrastructure and biological data storage in space, with Kevin presenting on space solar power at the upcoming NSS ISDC conference. The discussion included technical details about thermal management, launch costs, and the potential for Starship to revolutionize space transportation economics, though some participants expressed skepticism about certain engineering claims made during the conversation.Detailed Summary:David Livingston introduced the topic of space data systems and welcomed Gary Barnard, president of Extraordinary Innovative Space Partnerships, to discuss the subject. Gary discussed the evolution of space solar power from niche applications to potential space infrastructure that could serve a range of customers. He emphasized the importance of balancing enthusiasm with practical considerations, particularly regarding the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Gary highlighted that systems engineering across disciplines is crucial for understanding the problem space and potential solutions, rather than focusing solely on technical details.Gary discussed the challenges of powering a data center in space, explaining that while space solar power systems are possible, they require massive radiators and don’t scale easily. He emphasized that viewing the problem as a combined heat and power issue, rather than just power generation and waste heat disposal, could make it more feasible by utilizing waste heat for other purposes like data center cooling and habitation. When asked about trusted sources for information on space-based solar power, Gary expressed skepticism about NASA’s report, noting that it was rewritten to reach a predetermined conclusion that space solar power wouldn’t be viable.Gary discussed the concept of “frog kissing” in relation to evaluating promising but potentially untractable ideas, using data centers in space as an example. He shared his analysis of thermal balance models and radiation environments, noting that recent experiments on the ISS showed radiation effects were less severe than initially anticipated. When asked about SpaceX’s claims regarding AI data centers in space, Gary expressed trust in SpaceX’s engineering capabilities, particularly in areas he understands well, while acknowledging his expertise spans multiple disciplines beyond just thermal systems.Gary discussed SpaceX’s evolution in satellite technology, particularly with Starlink, highlighting their progress from providing basic service to competing in the quality market. John Jossy proposed conducting a systems engineering analysis of Starlink’s design and scaling it to space data centers, which Gary expressed interest in. John shared findings from Mach 33’s analysis on scaling from 20 to 100 kilowatts, concluding that radiative cooling is not a physics blocker for this transition. Gary emphasized the importance of optimizing thermal mass and heat management in space data centers to make them practicable.Gary discussed the challenges and economics of power generation in space, highlighting the cost-effectiveness and resilience of different systems like photovoltaic and solar dynamic technologies. He emphasized the complexity of implementing new technologies in space missions and the potential for a paradigm shift as launch costs decrease, allowing for better optimization of functionality over size, weight, and power constraints. Bill mentioned SpaceX’s IPO insights on orbital data centers, noting their dependency on Starship for economic viability.Gary further discussed the economic challenges of orbital data centers, suggesting that improvements in space transportation, particularly with Starship, could make them viable within three orders of magnitude. He emphasized the need for prototyping and testing early systems, highlighting the complexity of simulating space environments. Gary also addressed terrestrial data center limitations, noting that current ground-based systems face supply chain constraints and environmental challenges, which could drive demand for space-based alternatives. The discussion touched on the need for advanced modeling to address the dynamic nature of power and data transmission in space-based systems.Our guest discussed the technical feasibility and challenges of space data centers, noting that while SpaceX’s Starship could significantly reduce launch costs to low Earth orbit, building scalable power systems and managing operations would require new frameworks for human-robot collaboration. He mentioned his ongoing research since the 1980s on n-dimensional interaction problems and indicated that his latest work, including a presentation at IAC 2025 in Sydney, would be made available online through the XISP Inc. website and the space show.Kevin Berry discussed the feasibility and economics of space data centers, highlighting SpaceX’s Starlink constellation as an existing proof of concept with 300 megawatts of collection in orbit and 10,000 satellites. He explained that early 2030s data center construction in space could become more cost-effective than ground-based construction due to expected decreases in space hardware and launch costs. Kevin noted that while SpaceX currently has a significant cost advantage over competitors like Blue Origin, the space data center market remains in early exploration stages with potential for significant growth as costs continue to decline.Dr. Suzanne Sincavage introduced her work on building a secure biological data repository, particularly focusing on DNA collection from Earth species for future astrobiology research and space-based biological studies. Kevin and Gary discussed space solar power systems, with Kevin explaining how Starship technology represents a paradigm shift from austerity-minded space design to industrial-scale manufacturing approaches. The group also discussed combined heat and power systems for space applications, though Phil very strongly expressed skepticism about some of the proposed engineering approaches being suggested by Gary. David announced he would miss the upcoming ISDC conference due to it coinciding with his 80th birthday, and the team discussed potentially featuring both Kevin and Suzanne on separate Space Show episodes about their respective ISDC presentations. While not part of this summary, The Space Show Wisdom Team continued discussing the subject off air with Phil strongly advocating against some the engineering proposals suggested by Gary regarding getting rid of the heat generated by an in-space data center. Perhaps on our next OL program if Phil joins that discussion, I can ask him to elaborate on his position regarding the engineering ideas presented during this discussion.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. 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