Juan Maldacena: Geometry as Entanglement, and the Emergence of Spacetime
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How does emergent space‑time geometry arise from quantum entanglement?
Warm holes are a bit like leaky pipes.
Why are general relativity and quantum mechanics fundamentally incompatible?
Not everything is fitting together. The singularity is not a place inside the black hole, it's a place in the future.
What do extremal black‑hole thermodynamics and the island formula tell us about black‑hole entropy?
I think it's common, maybe not to feel good or to feel that maybe you're not good enough. But well eventually you'll make your contributions.
Professor Juan Maldicena has spent 30 years probing deeper and deeper into what the heck space-time is.
How does ER = EPR connect entanglement to wormhole geometry?
In this episode, we explore how it comes down to the claim that geometry, in some cases, is what entanglement looks like from the inside. Today we discuss what ER equals EPR actually means, and we discuss black hole interiors.
Can wormholes be simulated with qubits and quantum information techniques?
Where singularity is just the name for for things we don't understand.
Most of us intuitively assume there's a sort of view from nowhere, that you can just do quantum mechanics from the outside, look in, and write down what's there.
What are the implications of dS/CFT and dark‑energy models for cosmology?
Professor Juan Maldasena discusses why we can't.
How do quantum error‑correction codes inform our understanding of spacetime?
On this channel, I interview researchers regarding their theories of reality with rigor and technical depth. My name's Kirchjaimungle. I've included further resources on my Substack at Kirchjaimungle.com if you're interested. Stick toward the end for advice for students, for you the listener, as we see a strikingly honest, vulnerable, and inspiring perspective from the man who wrote the most cited paper in theoretical physics during his graduate studies, even Juan Maldissena didn't feel good enough.
Is spacetime doomed? How might AI and academic mindset shape the future of physics?
If you're struggling with something similar, hang in there. Keep studying, keep pushing forward, and don't give up. Professor, it's an honor to meet you. Well it's great to be with you. What is space time made out of?
Well, space time in the Theory of general relativity is not made out of anything, it's a primary concept. It's the main dynamical object of the theory. Um The the question about what it is made of is uh only relevant for a more fundamental theory, some other theory. Um and we think uh by thinking about the quantum mechanics of space time that it can be at least convenient sometimes to think of it as made of something else. And um The something something else could be uh qubits or some other fundamental quantum degrees of freedom that live uh in the boundaries of this space time, that live far away. Yeah, that's a relationship that we've been studying quite a bit in the last uh maybe twenty years or more.
Yeah, so it's a picture where space time is immersion from some other degrees of freedom that live on the boundary space time. So in in that picture there is this boundary, this region far away, that uh serves as a framework as some overall space where or space time where the degrees of freedom that describe the interior of the space time live. Um so in that description we at least need that boundary.
You said could be quantum degrees of freedom.
Yes. What else could it be? Well, i it could be other things. I mean in in in physics, uh w w when we say something is made out of something else, right? Uh we we think about some more fundamental things. Um And in different examples they're made of different things. In in general in all of physics, in most of physics, it's made out of particles, we say. I mean that that's what let's say we we learn in high school and so on, that matter is made out of particles. Uh in um modern physics we describe things not as uh made out of particles but made out of fields like uh the electromagnetic field, the electron field, the Higgs field, uh various fields uh and that we think is the basic. fabric of uh reality of nature at short distances, that's that's the theory we really have experimental confirmation with uh from.
So Then uh all those fields live in some space time. The space time is given is some kind of uh fixed arena where everything happens. Um but in general relativity space time itself moves and changes and We we think that in some sense it's described as a mother field. Um Um whereas the fields of of matter we describe them quantum mechanically, the field that makes the metric or the space time geometry. Uh we describe only classically.
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Chapters
8 chapters
1
How does emergent space‑time geometry arise from quantum entanglement?
0:00–0:02
2
Why are general relativity and quantum mechanics fundamentally incompatible?
0:02–0:07
3
What do extremal black‑hole thermodynamics and the island formula tell us about black‑hole entropy?
0:07–0:23
4
How does ER = EPR connect entanglement to wormhole geometry?
0:23–0:39
5
Can wormholes be simulated with qubits and quantum information techniques?
0:39–0:52
6
What are the implications of dS/CFT and dark‑energy models for cosmology?
0:52–0:55
7
How do quantum error‑correction codes inform our understanding of spacetime?
0:55–1:24
8
Is spacetime doomed? How might AI and academic mindset shape the future of physics?
1:24–1:45:30
Speakers
1 identifiedMore from Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal
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Peter Godfrey-Smith: This Scientist Found Earth’s “Alien” Minds