Send us a textPlease visit the following to view the Benin Bronzes and to learn more about the Restitution Study Group.Show Notes:00:00 manillas used to trade for slaves as documented by Alan Ryder in Benin and the Europeans02:50 mission and work of Restitution Study Group to fight for slavery justice03:20 RSG’s focus on corporations, private estates and governments that were complicit in slavery03:45 RSG’s suits against insurance companies for slavery policies06:00 RSG’s suits against banks like J.P. Morgan Chase0:630 RSG’s suits included consumer fraud and human rights arguments07:30 DNA testing used by RSG 08:30 DNA results and TransAtlantic Slave Trade Database used to trace ancestry08:50 RSG’s action filed for genocide compensation efforts09:35 the Proxmire Act, Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 198712:30 RSG’s suit against the Smithsonian Institution over the Benin Bronzes14:40 1896 massacre of British soldiers 15:30 Kingdom of Benin’s practice of sacrifice 16:15 RSG’s demand for a share of the Benin Bronzes17:20 RSG’s meeting with Kingdom of Benin’s princess 19:20 Charleston, SC19:30 Jamaica21:00 The Benin Monarchy: An Anthology by Oba Ewuare II Foundation (2018) 21:55 Paula Girshik22:25 Harz Mountains23:50 Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of African Art's Ngaire Blankenberg "confusion" on Kingdom of Benin's involvement in slave trade 24:45 per Dr. Paul Lovejoy, manillas were used in slave traded and to make Benin Bronzes for 300 years26:00 RSG’s allegations that Smithsonian is violating US law that requires consideration for transfer of the Bronzes outside the Smithsonian28:00 Board of Regents vote on transfer of Benin Bronzes30:30 11 October 2022 - Smithsonian’s scheduled transfer of Benin Bronzes 31:30 Lack of media attention on this issue31:50 Short film They Belong to All of Us34:00 RSG’s suit against the Smithsonian is a restitution case34:45 RSG’s efforts with institutions other than the Smithsonian36:50 bronzes taken according to the laws of war39:45 forensic research 41:50 16th-19th Century Bronzes42:15 Dan Hicks’ book The Brutish Museum43:50 removing labels from the Bronzes44:50 Oba Head gifted by Nigerian leader 48:30 Benin City - hub of human trafficking 51:20 African scholar Dr. Ibrahima Seck 52:00 missing slave trade documentation for two main slave ports54:00 one on one approach with American institutions57:00 Petition submitted to UK’s Charities Commission1:02:00 Smithsonian’s current holdings of Bronzes1:04:00 RSG’s emergency motion1:05:20 number of Bronzes in the U.S.1:09:00 dual citizenship1:11:00 Nigeria’s request for reparations 1:11:50 definition of justice1:14:00 opportunity for Nigeria to speak upPlease share your comments and/or questions at [email protected] by Toulme.To hear more episodes, please visit Warfare of Art and Law podcast's website.To leave questions or comments about this or other episodes of the podcast and/or for information about joining the 2ND Saturday discussion on art, culture and justice, please message me at [email protected]. Thanks so much for listening!© Stephanie Drawdy [2025]

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.