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摘要：1.越南没有本土电动葫芦（用于工厂起重机中的零部件）工厂，因为内需太小不足以养活它，出口又有更便宜更优质的中国供应链企业挡在前面。以此引申，越南很多产业链注定是断着的，因为大部分产业链都会有小众垂类环节。也因此，越南制造业上游input大部分人需要从外国（中韩等）进口的。2.规模小，没有跟外资谈技术换市场的筹码，外资企业在越南的供应链大部分人仍然是外资企业。本土化的“果链”、“特链”在越南几乎不存在。3.房价涨幅先于基建发展，失去土地财政机会。因为政治安全/中国因素没法大规模接受美国资本，又因为历史原因不愿意大规模接受中国资本——缺资本缺基建的制造业hub，我是没见过。
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