上集我哋對照完墨子同耶穌,今集我哋返到去諸子百家嘅世界。本來今集係要去講老子,但我想先為大家補充一下老子面對嘅時代背景,所以我今集會以徐復觀嘅《中國人性論史》作為補充,去講講周初嘅思想。 你可能會覺得,周初嘅思想咪就係封建禮制。其實,如果我哋去重睇周文王同周公嘅講法,就會發現周人去反抗商朝,係因為對人民痛苦嘅憂患,後嚟建立禮制,並唔係用嚟限制人,反而係一種解放;禮制,係周人對於商朝崇拜宗教嘅哲學反省,將天嘅地位拉低,重新將視角放返到去人嘅身上。如果要講中國哲學嘅起源,就唔能夠唔了解文王同周公嘅諗法。徐復觀更認為,周初嘅思想,係中國人文精神嘅躍動。換句話說,中國人文精神唔係始於老子、孔子,而係始於周朝開國。 只係,周初嘅哲學思維仲未成熟,當中嘅一個缺憾令到呢一套原本係以民為本、解放嘅思想,慢慢變成天子無力控制天下、禮制壓迫人民、諸侯混戰嘅血腥年代。面對住呢一個背景,先引發到老子用一個否定嘅態度去對禮制作出「反動」;孔子用一個肯定態度,承先啟後,嘗試將周初唔成熟嘅哲學思維改善、將缺憾解決。如果唔了解周初嘅哲學思想,咁只會對老子、孔子嘅思想一知半解。今集會用一個鐘嘅時間,為你完整講講中國哲學嘅起源。內容包括: ・商朝嘅時候,人都認為天命不可逆,但周文王提出,人只要努力就可以改變命數 ・周文王嘅自覺嘅憂患,令到佢得以憤發,用以人為本嘅哲學回應商朝嘅宗教迷信 ・商朝係宗教氣氛最濃厚嘅朝代,視天為終極。周人就用「敬」字將天嘅地位拉低 ・天唔再係主宰一切、只為祭祀喜悅嘅天,而係一個為平民幸福而感到喜悅嘅上天 ・周初嘅禮,原來只係祭祀,但原來有另一個字顯示周初禮制其實係為咗教育德行 ・周初禮制有一個缺憾,令到本來理想嘅制度變成後嚟虛偽但無人能夠停止嘅野獸 一齊聽下,周初嘅先進,點解會造成春秋面對住「率獸食人」嘅禮教,然後我哋先會明白老子對禮制作出反動宣告當中嘅意義。 _____ Instagram: @cowgortalk Patreon:patreon.com/cowgortalk 文字版:cowgortalk.wordpress.com
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