Alan Tan

So a CTLA-4 inhibitor.

We really don't have CTLA-4 built into any regimens in urethelial cancer.

So this will help us understand that.

But also, yeah, do we need the adjuvant portion?

Because we're not doing adjuvant EV in the Volga trial.

Furthermore, as we talk more about ctDNA, Volkl actually has incorporated ctDNA that's actually through a non-tumor-informed approach.

They use something called the Grail assay.

And this one, they actually had like a 20-patient lead in, safety lead, and they reported the

the ctDNA results on those patients, I thought that was quite striking.

Non-tumor-informed assay, the advantages of this is you get a rapid turnaround time.

It's basically using a methylation signature that's very specific for bladder cancer, but also, yeah, turnaround time, we need to have that answer sometimes really quickly, about 7 to 10 days, whereas a tumor-informed approach usually takes about 3 to 4 weeks.

And also, you worry about not having enough tissue sometimes, especially

We talk about upper tract cancers where we don't really have a lot of tissue sent to us.

But how about let's move on to ctDNA now.

So, invigor11, right?

I actually had to take an earlier flight, but I actually saw this on video later and a lot of discussion about invigor11.

But Amanda, why don't you start by telling us about invigor010, which started this whole story of ctDNA in GU cancers?

Yeah, very nice.

Yeah, this is a dwelling population, right, Brad?

We also saw stuff from Checkmate 2004, but how many people are going to actually get adjuvant therapy now?