Andrea Jones-Rooy

Right.

Right.

So you both are capturing this.

I mean, you're capturing the spirit of it for sure.

This particular study, and I want to emphasize that this is really not an area that people have studied a ton in this way.

They are building from a 2022 definition, which has sort of been kind of the working definition of an echo chamber in terms of quantifying echo chambers.

They treat it, so it's not perfect, it's not the only way to look at it, but Steve, you're very, very close, but they treat it as a static chamber for now, and that's gonna be important as we go into this study.

So what they describe it, and this is a quote from this 2022 paper, is it's a bounded, enclosed media space, and you're right, Steve, that most of the time we think about it online.

It's a bounded, enclosed media space that has the potential to both, and George, this is where you're getting at, has the potential to both magnify the messages delivered within it

and insulate it from rebuttal.

So it's this idea that there's this kind of wading lake out there on the internet.

And of course it's dynamic in real life and it evolves over time.

But, but for, you know, think of a snapshot of a few months, you could, you could almost imagine drawing a boundary around a bunch of YouTube videos or maybe a growing boundary because new YouTube videos are uploaded all the time, but a kind of entity out there that's like, okay, everything in here is going to be content that magnifies a particular view and insulates or minimize

opposing views.

They overall operationalize it and Steve you and I have talked at length as well about operationalizing concepts so they go on the internet and they find YouTube videos and they compare that to the ideology of an individual so it's a distribution of videos for a given user like so when I go into YouTube that is ideologically homogeneous to me and

and centered on my own ideology.

So I might have an echo chamber out there.

If I go into YouTube, I could find a spot where there's this kind of ecosystem of videos that agree with my political views.

Now, you hopefully are all asking, how are they figuring out the ideology of YouTube videos?

And how are they figuring out the ideology of the users?