Andrew Huberman

How is it that blood glucose triggers these mechanisms?

Because we've said, okay, remove glucose and things get better.

You've talked before, maybe we could talk more now about some of the underlying cellular and genetic mechanisms, things like the sirtuins.

But how are glucose and the sirtuins actually tethered to one another mechanistically?

Yeah, there's a really good question.

It's clear that because of leucine's effects on the mTOR pathway, that there are many people, not just people in these particular fitness communities, that are actively trying to ingest more leucine on a regular basis in order to maximize their wellness and fitness, and in some cases, muscle growth, but also just wellness.

But what

I interpret your last statement to mean is that leucine, because it triggers cellar growth, is actually pro-aging in some sense.

one of the questions I get asked all the time is, does ingesting blank break the fast?

Does eating this or drinking this, coffee, if I walk in the room and someone else is eating a cracker, does it break my fast?

People get pretty extreme with this.

My sense, and please tell me if I'm wrong, but my sense is that it depends on the context of what you did the night before, whether or not you're diabetic, lots of things.

So for instance, if I eat an enormous meal at midnight, go to sleep, wake up at 6 a.m.,

I could imagine that black coffee or coffee with a little bit of cream might quote unquote break my fast, but the body doesn't have a breaking the fast switch.

The body only speaks in the language of glucose, AMPK, mTOR, et cetera.

So do you worry that ingesting these calories is going to quote unquote break your fast?

And more generally, how do you think about the issue of whether or not you're fasting enough to get these positive effects?

Because not everybody can manage on just water.

or just tea, or we should say not everybody is willing to manage on just water or just tea for a certain part of the day?

That captures the essence of fasting rationally and a rational approach to supplementation very well.