Christine Jenkins

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255 appearances 4 recordings 1 series first heard Sep 2016 last heard 24 Apr

Christine Jenkins’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Health Report · Is brain training worth it? And a liquid biopsy for blood cancer · 20 Mar 2017 podcast

In women it is significantly different in a range of ways.

The first way and one very important way for people to know is that women appear to need a much smaller exposure to a noxious substance such as smoking in order to develop C O P D.

So for instance So

Typically we say that if you smoke twenty cigarettes a day for twenty years, you're at risk of COPD, you've had enough exposure.

But now we know that women have a much reduced risk um exposure ratio, and so they need only to smoke around five cigarettes a day for around fifteen years.

Five.

Indeed.

And not only that, but the earlier they start smoking, the more likely they are to develop COPD.

The fancy terminology for that, Norman, although I must say I I I still like those clinical phenotypes, is this concept of phenotypically driven disease.

So different people have different types of presentation.

And women have a more airways disease type, that is cough and sputum, rather than an emphysema type.

They may be prone to chest infections or prolonged symptoms after a simple viral infection, for instance, and they're more

likely to present with what we call an exacerbation, a flair in their disease, where they require a lot more treatment.

Often steroids, antibiotics and often even a hospital admission because they haven't got enough oxygen in their blood and they need supplementary oxygen.

Most definitely, in fact,

It's been traditionally thought that COPD is a men's disease.

More men smoke around the world.

Men are more represented in clinical trials.

So in therapeutic interventions, we know a lot about how men respond and not a lot about how women respond because often clinical trials have around 80% of the people in the trials are males.

So women have tended to be underrecognized and often labelled as

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