Cliff Kuang

based on our previous assumptions about how the world at large works. So you get things like the desktop metaphor, which helps us understand what a personal computer should do, right? And so that sets us on that path to essentially eliminating the instruction manual, right?

based on our previous assumptions about how the world at large works. So you get things like the desktop metaphor, which helps us understand what a personal computer should do, right? And so that sets us on that path to essentially eliminating the instruction manual, right?

So as you mentioned, like there was an error in which computers came with all this instructions and all these kinds of things. But if you notice what Apple has done, and then successively with the iPod and the iPhone is that

So as you mentioned, like there was an error in which computers came with all this instructions and all these kinds of things. But if you notice what Apple has done, and then successively with the iPod and the iPhone is that

So as you mentioned, like there was an error in which computers came with all this instructions and all these kinds of things. But if you notice what Apple has done, and then successively with the iPod and the iPhone is that

What used to come with instruction manuals doesn't come with them anymore because now we're building up this pattern language of previous reference and, you know, this should work like this thing and this is familiar because you've used this other thing. Like, we're building on that vocabulary without us ever realizing it so that the instruction manual essentially has gone away.

What used to come with instruction manuals doesn't come with them anymore because now we're building up this pattern language of previous reference and, you know, this should work like this thing and this is familiar because you've used this other thing. Like, we're building on that vocabulary without us ever realizing it so that the instruction manual essentially has gone away.

What used to come with instruction manuals doesn't come with them anymore because now we're building up this pattern language of previous reference and, you know, this should work like this thing and this is familiar because you've used this other thing. Like, we're building on that vocabulary without us ever realizing it so that the instruction manual essentially has gone away.

So in a previous era, you might get an instruction manual for something as simple as a VCR, right? But now... You don't get an instruction manual for an app that potentially runs your healthcare, in some cases might run an entire fleet of aircraft engines.

So in a previous era, you might get an instruction manual for something as simple as a VCR, right? But now... You don't get an instruction manual for an app that potentially runs your healthcare, in some cases might run an entire fleet of aircraft engines.

So in a previous era, you might get an instruction manual for something as simple as a VCR, right? But now... You don't get an instruction manual for an app that potentially runs your healthcare, in some cases might run an entire fleet of aircraft engines.

You know, these things don't come with instruction manuals because of this revolution and thinking about the way technology should behave in our lives.

You know, these things don't come with instruction manuals because of this revolution and thinking about the way technology should behave in our lives.

You know, these things don't come with instruction manuals because of this revolution and thinking about the way technology should behave in our lives.

Yeah, I mean, I would trace this evolution expectation to the smartphone, right? Because, you know, as you know, like there are more smartphones than people in the United States right now.

Yeah, I mean, I would trace this evolution expectation to the smartphone, right? Because, you know, as you know, like there are more smartphones than people in the United States right now.

Yeah, I mean, I would trace this evolution expectation to the smartphone, right? Because, you know, as you know, like there are more smartphones than people in the United States right now.

And the fact that virtually every single human being in the United States has a cell phone for them means that we bring these expectations to the most ubiquitous and personal computer of all, which is the smartphone, right?

And the fact that virtually every single human being in the United States has a cell phone for them means that we bring these expectations to the most ubiquitous and personal computer of all, which is the smartphone, right?

And the fact that virtually every single human being in the United States has a cell phone for them means that we bring these expectations to the most ubiquitous and personal computer of all, which is the smartphone, right?