Dr. Dean Fido

And upskirting was one of the terms which wasn't receiving much psychological-based intervention or assessment.

And so we wanted to be one of the first individuals, the first groups, to actually explore that through a psychological lens.

Yes.

Yeah, of course.

I'm really glad you said the phrase psychopathic traits.

So when we think of psychopathy, we instantly go to murderers, serial killers, your Ted Bundys.

But when we refer to psychopathic traits, what we're looking at is how individuals can be callous.

They might lack empathy.

They might be really manipulative.

They might be sadistic in nature.

They might have quite high narcissistic personality traits.

And it's the amalgamation of these traits which spur people to behave both physically and, as we've shown in online spaces, in sexually deviant manners.

Yeah, so we developed a vignette, which is a scenario-based examination whereby we had individuals at a spa setting.

So to get around that gendered term of wearing a skirt, we had the individuals in spa robes, and we asked our participants to imagine what these individuals would be like lying,

in a spa setting, and they had the ability almost to look up their dressing gowns and take images should they wish.

This was all kind of a metaphorical perspective.

And what we found is that individuals who were male victims, our participants felt that there was a lot less harm, a lot more blame, and certainly a lot less criminality associated with these individuals being victims.

Oh, of course.

And that's exactly what lots of our researchers argued.

And we see a similar pattern regardless of whether it's quote unquote revenge pornography or deep fake sexual abuse.