Dr Emily Musgrove

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

And in that context, it might even be, and I've done an episode on hope where we really talk about that hope is very active as opposed to a passive experience.

No, no.

No, that's spot on.

But that...

That's the difference in some ways between being optimistic and being hopeful.

And that optimism might be just this lens with which I view things positively and it might be more passive, whereas hope is really active and absolutely comes from experience.

So, you know, when we think about this characteristic here, hope is essential to cultivating grit.

Part of this comes down to...

a researcher, psychologist, Albert Bandura.

He's very well known in the psychological profession and he has a number of different theories.

One of them involves the theory of what's called self-efficacy.

So self-efficacy is basically our belief in our ability to do things.

And he describes there being four components of self-efficacy.

So in essence, four components of having agency.

So I can do things.

I can create things.

I can create change.