Dr. Layne Norton

And my hypothesis was, well, however long leucine is elevated in the blood is going to be how long protein synthesis stays up. And when we got the data back on protein synthesis, protein synthesis had come up, peaked at 90 minutes and by three hours had come back down to baseline. And I went to run the plasma amino acids and I'm like, OK, well, this is what we're going to see.

And my hypothesis was, well, however long leucine is elevated in the blood is going to be how long protein synthesis stays up. And when we got the data back on protein synthesis, protein synthesis had come up, peaked at 90 minutes and by three hours had come back down to baseline. And I went to run the plasma amino acids and I'm like, OK, well, this is what we're going to see.

And my hypothesis was, well, however long leucine is elevated in the blood is going to be how long protein synthesis stays up. And when we got the data back on protein synthesis, protein synthesis had come up, peaked at 90 minutes and by three hours had come back down to baseline. And I went to run the plasma amino acids and I'm like, OK, well, this is what we're going to see.

And that's not what we saw. So plasma amino acids not only were still elevated, they were like maxed out or plateaued at the highest level they would be at three hours where protein synthesis was back to baseline. And so I said, OK, well, it's got to be mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling is going to be turning off. Or something's happening. Nope, mTOR signaling was still elevated, right?

And that's not what we saw. So plasma amino acids not only were still elevated, they were like maxed out or plateaued at the highest level they would be at three hours where protein synthesis was back to baseline. And so I said, OK, well, it's got to be mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling is going to be turning off. Or something's happening. Nope, mTOR signaling was still elevated, right?

And that's not what we saw. So plasma amino acids not only were still elevated, they were like maxed out or plateaued at the highest level they would be at three hours where protein synthesis was back to baseline. And so I said, OK, well, it's got to be mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling is going to be turning off. Or something's happening. Nope, mTOR signaling was still elevated, right?

And we saw this through phosphorylation of the binding protein for EBP1, which is a proxy for mTOR activation. And then I said, okay, well, maybe leucine isn't getting into the cell. Maybe that's why. So we looked at intracellular leucine, followed the exact path of plasma leucine. And so then I kept rerunning the plasma data over and over. I probably ran it five times. Right.

And we saw this through phosphorylation of the binding protein for EBP1, which is a proxy for mTOR activation. And then I said, okay, well, maybe leucine isn't getting into the cell. Maybe that's why. So we looked at intracellular leucine, followed the exact path of plasma leucine. And so then I kept rerunning the plasma data over and over. I probably ran it five times. Right.

And we saw this through phosphorylation of the binding protein for EBP1, which is a proxy for mTOR activation. And then I said, okay, well, maybe leucine isn't getting into the cell. Maybe that's why. So we looked at intracellular leucine, followed the exact path of plasma leucine. And so then I kept rerunning the plasma data over and over. I probably ran it five times. Right.

And Lehman finally calls me into his office one day and he goes, so where do we stand with this duration experiment? And I said, yeah, it's almost done. I just I got to run the data again because the plasma data has got to be wrong. And he I saw his like little eyebrow go up, you know, and he goes, why do you think that? Let me see your data. He goes, your standard air bars are good.

And Lehman finally calls me into his office one day and he goes, so where do we stand with this duration experiment? And I said, yeah, it's almost done. I just I got to run the data again because the plasma data has got to be wrong. And he I saw his like little eyebrow go up, you know, and he goes, why do you think that? Let me see your data. He goes, your standard air bars are good.

And Lehman finally calls me into his office one day and he goes, so where do we stand with this duration experiment? And I said, yeah, it's almost done. I just I got to run the data again because the plasma data has got to be wrong. And he I saw his like little eyebrow go up, you know, and he goes, why do you think that? Let me see your data. He goes, your standard air bars are good.

This looks to be relatively tight data. How's your technique? And I'm going through like how I – all the steps to analyze plasmido acids. It's not like CSI, by the way, everybody, you don't just like take a pipette, put something in a centrifuge and all of a sudden you get back data. There's many steps in here.

This looks to be relatively tight data. How's your technique? And I'm going through like how I – all the steps to analyze plasmido acids. It's not like CSI, by the way, everybody, you don't just like take a pipette, put something in a centrifuge and all of a sudden you get back data. There's many steps in here.

This looks to be relatively tight data. How's your technique? And I'm going through like how I – all the steps to analyze plasmido acids. It's not like CSI, by the way, everybody, you don't just like take a pipette, put something in a centrifuge and all of a sudden you get back data. There's many steps in here.

And so I showed him all that and he goes, you know, it sounds like you are trying to get the data to fit your conclusion. And what you need to do is change your conclusion to fit the data. And that one line. again, it just opened my whole world up to one. If I'm wrong, okay, cool. Like I care more about getting the right answer than being right. And that's why we were talking earlier.

And so I showed him all that and he goes, you know, it sounds like you are trying to get the data to fit your conclusion. And what you need to do is change your conclusion to fit the data. And that one line. again, it just opened my whole world up to one. If I'm wrong, okay, cool. Like I care more about getting the right answer than being right. And that's why we were talking earlier.

And so I showed him all that and he goes, you know, it sounds like you are trying to get the data to fit your conclusion. And what you need to do is change your conclusion to fit the data. And that one line. again, it just opened my whole world up to one. If I'm wrong, okay, cool. Like I care more about getting the right answer than being right. And that's why we were talking earlier.

I'm like, there's so much stuff that I just don't believe. I want to see 10, 20 studies before I go. Yeah. You know? And the other thing I'll tell people is, Hey, I don't plant my flag real strong very often. So when you see me do it, I'm not saying I'm not fallible, but if you see me do it, you probably should pay attention because I don't usually do that.

I'm like, there's so much stuff that I just don't believe. I want to see 10, 20 studies before I go. Yeah. You know? And the other thing I'll tell people is, Hey, I don't plant my flag real strong very often. So when you see me do it, I'm not saying I'm not fallible, but if you see me do it, you probably should pay attention because I don't usually do that.