Dr. Yekaterina Barbash

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320 appearances 1 recordings 1 series first heard Jul 2026 last heard 9 Jul

Dr. Yekaterina Barbash’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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The Ancients · Egypt's Book of the Dead · 9 Jul 2026 podcast

Mount spells would be placed together and so on and so forth.

And so we ended up with a, a corpus of texts that often repeat with slight variations one after the other.

And the person ordering a Book of the Dead, or perhaps their family, although they probably did place that order during life, they had an option of choosing, I would like two of the hard spells to be included, but only one of the protection from scorpions and crocodiles.

So most commonly, books of the dead were inscribed on papyrus, although they do appear on other materials.

So for instance, the earliest books of the dead were written on linen shrouds.

But they also, book of the dead texts, also appear on tomb walls, on stela, so in stone.

They rarely appear on leather and paper.

Certain specific spells were inscribed on figurines, on amulets, on hypocephaly, which are little round amuletic discs that were placed under the head of the mummified person.

In the Ptolemaic period, they started writing Book of the Dead texts on linen mummy bandages that directly wrapped the body.

Right.

Papyrus was the most common material used for books.

Right.

In ancient times, an antiquity papyrus was readily available.

There's very little papyrus left in Egypt today, but generally it's a reed that grew close to the water.

And the thick, triangular-shaped stalks of the reed would be cut and flattened and then glued together with the papyrus juices.

basically in perpendicular fashion.

So most papyri are made out of two layers of flattened papyrus fiber, which is then dried and could be used to inscribe texts, then delete texts, inscribe new texts.

There are a series of spells that were meant to be recited.

They begin with the title of the spell, formula for a gold vulture placed at the neck of a transfigured spirit.

So again, they're already saying that this person has become reborn.

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