Dylan Mangel
speaker
55 appearances
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1 series
first heard Mar 2025
last heard Mar 2025
Dylan Mangel’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Farm4Profit Podcast · Soybean Cyst Nematode: The Silent Threat Stealing Your Yield · 3 Mar 2025
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Yeah, thanks for having me. My name is Dylan Mangel, and I'm the extension soybean pathologist at the University of Nebraska. And I'm actually from Nebraska, too, going up around row crop operations. And now I get to focus just on the diseases that we see on those soybeans.
Yeah, so soybean cyst nematode, it's a non-native pest. It's a non-native parasite to the U.S. And as soybean production moved across this country and really, really ramped up, this pest sort of moved with it. It's a nematode. It's basically survives in the soil and it's going to parasitize those roots, just sort of sapping yield away from those nematodes.
And the big reason we need to talk about it is because it's oftentimes going to steal some level, often significant levels of yield without noticeable above ground symptoms. So it's not going to turn the plant red or purple. You can't really just see it's out there. You might just be missing some yield and you might not know why.
And sometimes it might be low enough that you don't really even think about it. But it's still taking that money out of your pocket.
Yeah, so the history of how it got here, I think there's probably differing ideas on how it got here, but it sort of showed up in the Carolinas. It showed up up the East Coast, and then it kind of followed the Missouri River up and Mississippi River up, actually the Mississippi mostly, and spread out from there. In Nebraska, for example, where I am, we didn't have it until 1986.
And it hit one of those edge counties along the river. It followed that river up and then it's consistently worked west from there. And now we pretty much have it in every county that's growing soybeans in the state. We're still adding some new ones as soybeans continue to move west, but it's going to move around with soil. It's going to move
Even if wind is blowing soil, it's going to move around. So it's able to consistently march along and it's ultimately just going to follow everywhere beans go.
No. Yep. So we have different nematodes in those crops for sure. But this one, it really specializes on soybean. But I will say there's likely exceptions where it's finding weedy hosts or other similar plants to soybean that it's also able to grow on as well. So think about that with weed control as well. Just imagine the difference in, you know, corn and wheat are a pretty similar monocot crop.
Soybeans are quite different when it comes to how related they are. So those nematodes aren't crossing over necessarily necessarily. But if you've got other similar crops or other similar hosts out there to soybean, they might be growing on those as well.
So soybean cyst nematode, it's been around. It's spread. And it actually started to become quite an issue in the 1990s. At that time, research, science, industry found a resistance source that was able to control this. So that first step of control was introducing a single resistance gene into a lot of the varieties that were out there. They put it in a few at first.
Slowly, they dumped it into more and more. And eventually it sort of ended up with that one resistance gene in all the varieties or in most of the varieties. That resistance source was called PI88788. So if you look in a seed catalog for soybean, you'll see a column that might say SCN and it'll say PI88788 in a lot of those varieties. That's still the case today.
And that worked really well for quite a while. The problem came... In the early 2010s, and it's the same problem we see all the time when we rely on one thing to control a wild population, those nematodes evolved to overcome that and reproduce on that resistance source. So PI-887-88 degraded in its effectiveness.
And we really, at that point, it was a turning point for our organization, which is the SCN Coalition. and how do we combat that degradation? What do we do next? So at that point, We looked around and realized there's a bit of a gap. Resistance is the most economical way to manage a disease, varietal resistance. And we really didn't have anything available.
There are a couple other resistance genes available in the germplasm. So we really needed to put this group together to sort of build a stopgap for how can we identify what's coming next? How can we get resources to growers? How can we get them to start growing? you know, maybe trying some of these new resources and preventing that yield loss on their farms. So that's how our organization started.
I guess I should mention what the SCN Coalition is. We're basically a public-private partnership that was basically formed just to build awareness of this And this is a situation, academia doesn't always have common goals with industry. We have different ideas at times, but this was a situation where growers didn't know they had this path, this pathogen or this parasite.
And from extension, we want them to know it's there so they can make those decisions to manage it properly. Industry had the same goal. So it was a time when we overlapped. So we built this group with funding from soybean checkoffs, state, regional, national.
And then we also have we also work with some industry groups as well to just build awareness and get as many growers aware of this disease as possible. So that's what our group does.
I think a lot of people are working on that next solution. And it's going to come in different ways. So if we just look at the general way to manage soybean cyst nematode, we think about that varietal resistance first. The next thing is rotation. Rotating to a non-host crop can make a huge difference, even if it's just one year out of soybeans.
I know there's not a lot of soybean on soybean growers out there, but a normal corn soybean rotation actually can go quite well. just a single year is going to knock those numbers back by a lot. The next thing is considering a nematode protectant seed treatment.
In that gap where we started to see resistance fall off, industry came in quickly and it started to fill that in with a lot of new products that are going to be basically nematicides. We're also seeing new generations of bionematicides, biologicals targeting these. So there's a lot of new stuff. Considering one of those and then
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