Emmett Livingstone

UN peacekeepers and Western private military contractors have been fighting alongside the Congolese army, as well as troops from African allies such as South Africa, Tanzania, Malawi and Burundi. But with the collapse of the Congolese army, these defenders are no longer in action. On Sunday night, the UN, the US and France called on Rwanda to withdraw.

But so far, no international sanctions have been levied on Rwanda. And Rwanda, for its part, says the fighting near the border is a threat to its security. and requires it to maintain, and I quote, a sustained defensive posture. At least six UN peacekeepers have been killed, so that's a testament to the severity of the fighting.

But so far, no international sanctions have been levied on Rwanda. And Rwanda, for its part, says the fighting near the border is a threat to its security. and requires it to maintain, and I quote, a sustained defensive posture. At least six UN peacekeepers have been killed, so that's a testament to the severity of the fighting.

But so far, no international sanctions have been levied on Rwanda. And Rwanda, for its part, says the fighting near the border is a threat to its security. and requires it to maintain, and I quote, a sustained defensive posture. At least six UN peacekeepers have been killed, so that's a testament to the severity of the fighting.

The military governor of North Kivu province was also killed on the front line. So what happens now? Right now, M23 and Rwanda haven't fully subdued Goma, though it's almost certain that they will. They're also advancing in the neighboring province of South Kivu, so there's a real danger of the conflict growing bigger and bigger.

The military governor of North Kivu province was also killed on the front line. So what happens now? Right now, M23 and Rwanda haven't fully subdued Goma, though it's almost certain that they will. They're also advancing in the neighboring province of South Kivu, so there's a real danger of the conflict growing bigger and bigger.

The military governor of North Kivu province was also killed on the front line. So what happens now? Right now, M23 and Rwanda haven't fully subdued Goma, though it's almost certain that they will. They're also advancing in the neighboring province of South Kivu, so there's a real danger of the conflict growing bigger and bigger.

There's also a danger of an all-out multi-state war in Central Africa. Congo hasn't yet declared war on Rwanda, nor vice versa, but the risks of that happening are now ratcheting up. Many worry that the impact on civilians would be catastrophic.

There's also a danger of an all-out multi-state war in Central Africa. Congo hasn't yet declared war on Rwanda, nor vice versa, but the risks of that happening are now ratcheting up. Many worry that the impact on civilians would be catastrophic.

There's also a danger of an all-out multi-state war in Central Africa. Congo hasn't yet declared war on Rwanda, nor vice versa, but the risks of that happening are now ratcheting up. Many worry that the impact on civilians would be catastrophic.