Erica Chenoweth

in the entire first and second Trump administrations.

And that was largely in reaction to ICE in Minneapolis and the killings that happened there.

But that just speaks to the fact that the pace of protests and the pace of protest mobilization is quite high and increasing over time, even between these big days of protests.

And then when it comes to defections,

You know, I think that there are some—there are kind of cases where we see that happening and there are cases where we don't and where you'd otherwise expect them to happen.

And I think that's a pretty natural thing to expect at this stage of a movement, which is to say, you know, the mobilization against—

You know, autocratic consolidation in the U.S.

has been going on now for the entirety of the second Trump administration, but has, you know, the average movement takes about two and a half years or three years to sort of run its course in creating the defections, cascades that are sort of necessary to bring about a pro-democratic outcome.

And so I think it's sort of on pace.

but still with a way to go.

And then when it comes to diversity or sort of a broader range of methods of protest, so it's clear that the large-scale days of action are important in both bringing in new participants to the movement and in encouraging existing and new participants about the power of their collective action.

The key here is channeling it into political power through encouraging people then to meet in their communities, to build more community-based organizations, to channel it into electoral power, to potentially channel it into methods of non-cooperation and other strategies of dissent.

And then the last thing I'll note is I think it probably is one of the most disciplined movements we've seen recently.

in recent years in terms of the ability to not overreact to provocations and to maintain basically nonviolent discipline, even as repression has been escalating in a way that signals that the movement is both prepared for that repression and that when that repression happens, the movement can respond to it in a way that shifts the balance of power rather than sort of succumbing to potential disarray or indiscipline.

It really depends on where it's happening, for one thing.

So I think that the people who have actually done surveys and done demographic counts in those surveys have noted from some of the big cities that they've seen kind of that demographic description that you just gave.

But there were probably over 3,000 events that happened on Saturday, many of them in

places that have never seen a protest in the last generation.

Exactly.

And I think, really, there's also kind of a convergence, I would say, in some places where ICE operations have been very intense.