Gemma Spike

speaker

12,680 appearances 27 recordings 1 series first heard Apr 2026 last heard 5d ago

Gemma Spike’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 27 in all, peaking in Jul 2026 with 8.

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The Psychology of your 20s · 457. The psychology of 'false' memories · 12 Sep 2026 podcast

People have been sentenced to death, matched

based on eyewitness testimonies that we now know were completely inaccurate but people swore like they swore to the day they died i saw him i saw that i saw them i know what i saw matched

And they didn't. matched

They didn't. matched

It was because a false memory had been created that they could not identify. matched

Here is how something like this happens. matched

So after an event takes place, memories are still very malleable and they're open to manipulation. matched

So if somebody who has maybe witnessed a crime is then exposed to news coverage, matched

or discusses what happens with their friends. matched

They view images of suspects, or they are interviewed. matched

Each of these experiences can subtly alter how events are remembered, including the introduction of new details or reinforcing different interpretations. matched

Feedback and reassurance is also a really critical factor in this. matched

In 1998, these two researchers, Gary Wells and Amy Bradfield, showed participants a security video and then they asked them to identify the gunman that was showed in this security video from a lineup, a photographic lineup of people. matched

The real gunman was not included in this lineup, meaning that every single identification was going to be incorrect. matched

Every single person chose someone and a lot of witnesses were like, I'm absolutely sure that this is them because they imagined that somebody in that situation, somebody in that lineup would have to look like the person that had done it, would have to be the person that they had done it. matched

So their minds were like, we'll choose the one that's closest. matched

some witnesses were also then given confirming feedback so phrases like yep thank you for that that does seem to match the subject or information we have on the subject or yep those details are very important to us it's very valuable the information you've given is very significant they were not told yes you were absolutely right or no that's not the person they were just told that what they had given the information they had given was valuable matched

After receiving this feedback, witnesses then doubled down, and they got more and more confident that who they had chosen was absolutely the person who these researchers slash police officers slash, I don't know, detectives were after. matched

They also retrospectively were like, oh no, I paid a lot more attention at the time than they did. matched

A lot of them said I had a much better view. matched

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