Heather Cox Richardson
speaker
6,928 appearances
79 recordings
10 series
first heard Dec 2024
last heard 6d ago
Heather Cox Richardson’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
Trend
recordings per month · last 12 monthsRecordings per month over the last 12 months — 78 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 26.
Appearances
In eighteen fifty nine, Illinois lawyer Abraham Lincoln explained that those who adhered to Hammond's mudsill theory assumed that labor and education are incompatible and any practical combination of them impossible.
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According to that theory, the education of laborers is not only useless but pernicious and dangerous.
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Lincoln argued that workers were not simply drudges, but rather were the heart of the economy.
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The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages a while, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land for himself, then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him.
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He tied the political vision of the framers to this economic vision.
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In order to prosper, he argued, men needed book learning, and he called for universal education.
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An educated community, he said, will be alike independent of crowned kings, money kings, and land kings.
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When they were in control of the federal government in the eighteen sixties, Republicans passed the Land Grant College Act, funding public universities so that men without wealthy fathers might have access to higher education.
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In the aftermath of the Civil War, Republicans also tried to use the federal government to fund public schools for poor black and white Americans, apportioning money according to illiteracy rates.
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But President Andrew Johnson vetoed that bill on the grounds that the federal government had no business messing with education.
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That process, he said, belonged to the states, which for the next century denied black people equal access to schools, excluding them from full participation in American society and condemning them to menial labor.
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Then, in nineteen fifty four, after decades of pressure from black and brown Americans for equal access to public schools, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, a former Republican governor of California, unanimously agreed that separate schools were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional.
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Immediately, white Southern lawmakers launched a campaign of what they called massive resistance to integration.
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Some Virginia counties closed their public schools.
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Others took funds from integrated public schools and used a grant system to redistribute those funds to segregated private schools.
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Within years, these segregation academies would dovetail neatly with the religious schools organized after the nineteen sixty-two Engel v.
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Vitali decision, in which the Supreme Court struck down state mandated prayer in public schools.
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And the nineteen sixty-three Abingdon School District V Shemp decision prohibiting teachers from leading students in prayer and Bible reading.
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The Supreme Court decisions against prayer in schools reinforced the idea that the government opposed family values, and fundamentalists pulled their children out of public schools and created alternative religious schools.
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Fundamentalist leader Jerry Falwell began to suggest that public schools should be abolished entirely.
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Showing 1321–1340 of 6,928 · page 67 of 347
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