Mark Bayer

I think, I guess the reason why I think that is, if we accept that hypothesis could actually be accurate or true, is that someone who has their PhD now who went through school and their family really has no one else who say graduated college, sometimes even was in college or enrolled in college.

I think, I guess the reason why I think that is, if we accept that hypothesis could actually be accurate or true, is that someone who has their PhD now who went through school and their family really has no one else who say graduated college, sometimes even was in college or enrolled in college.

That person probably took a lot of challenging and difficult subjects as they were going through, even starting in middle school. Maybe they're taking biology, they're taking these subjects and their parents, their loved ones, their families, they wanna know, so what did you do in school today? And the person needs to explain what they did maybe in a calculus class or a physics class.

That person probably took a lot of challenging and difficult subjects as they were going through, even starting in middle school. Maybe they're taking biology, they're taking these subjects and their parents, their loved ones, their families, they wanna know, so what did you do in school today? And the person needs to explain what they did maybe in a calculus class or a physics class.

And their audience, their family doesn't have a good frame of reference to a lot of what they're talking about. And so that young person, maybe 13, 14, 15, starts to figure out how to explain complexity in ways that are number one, not condescending because they're talking to authority figures.

And their audience, their family doesn't have a good frame of reference to a lot of what they're talking about. And so that young person, maybe 13, 14, 15, starts to figure out how to explain complexity in ways that are number one, not condescending because they're talking to authority figures.

and also that are accurate give a reference point and really help illuminate what they're doing so you can imagine that somebody starts doing that as they're 13 14 goes into high school continues to do that goes into college and then a phd program that person gets really good

and also that are accurate give a reference point and really help illuminate what they're doing so you can imagine that somebody starts doing that as they're 13 14 goes into high school continues to do that goes into college and then a phd program that person gets really good

at doing this kind of distillation, figuring out what's important, how to make it interesting, memorable, accessible, all of those things. They had a lot of practice. So that's one of the reasons why I think that is a common trait for scientists who are fantastic communicators. Sometimes they're first in their family to go to college.

at doing this kind of distillation, figuring out what's important, how to make it interesting, memorable, accessible, all of those things. They had a lot of practice. So that's one of the reasons why I think that is a common trait for scientists who are fantastic communicators. Sometimes they're first in their family to go to college.

The other is something that you referenced, which is being bilingual. Because as so many words, expressions that exist in one language just don't have that in another language. I lived in Paris for a while. I was speaking French gradually, fluently. In the beginning, however, you try to translate word for word some idea in English right into French or back.

The other is something that you referenced, which is being bilingual. Because as so many words, expressions that exist in one language just don't have that in another language. I lived in Paris for a while. I was speaking French gradually, fluently. In the beginning, however, you try to translate word for word some idea in English right into French or back.

And you find out very quickly, sometimes in embarrassing ways, as I did, that that doesn't work. We don't say it like that. The word, for example, this is a friend of mine told me this, who was in a similar situation.

And you find out very quickly, sometimes in embarrassing ways, as I did, that that doesn't work. We don't say it like that. The word, for example, this is a friend of mine told me this, who was in a similar situation.

If you're at the dinner table and someone asks you if you are finished, like you're done eating, and you say you're full and you try to use a word, which is something you might say in English, and you try to use a word in French that is full, that actually means pregnant. So you don't want to say that.

If you're at the dinner table and someone asks you if you are finished, like you're done eating, and you say you're full and you try to use a word, which is something you might say in English, and you try to use a word in French that is full, that actually means pregnant. So you don't want to say that.

So what you learn these idioms, you learn these devices that express an idea, but they're not a word for word translation. And that really, when you get to that level in science, when you get to that level in any language.

So what you learn these idioms, you learn these devices that express an idea, but they're not a word for word translation. And that really, when you get to that level in science, when you get to that level in any language.

you know that you're on the way to fluency so it's really exciting then of course you mentioned cultural practices and values and that is a third layer so it's it's something that is a big challenge and the good news i would say in my experience is it's something that can be learned it sounds like your friend's wife really has excelled and so i'm very optimistic about this and i would also just say how important it is for society to have people like that

you know that you're on the way to fluency so it's really exciting then of course you mentioned cultural practices and values and that is a third layer so it's it's something that is a big challenge and the good news i would say in my experience is it's something that can be learned it sounds like your friend's wife really has excelled and so i'm very optimistic about this and i would also just say how important it is for society to have people like that