Matt Tilleard

Hyödyntämällä on tarkoitus siitä, kuka löytää, kuka kontrolloi ja kuka kääntää ajan suurimman hyödyntäminen. Joten elämä on tärkeää, kun katsotaan sitä hyödyntämällä. Nämä eivät ole vain erittäin hyödyntäminen keskusteluja vuodesta. Ne ovat todennäköisesti tärkeässä turvallisuusohjelmassa meidän johtajillemme, koska he halutaan muodostaa historiaa.

In the 1970s, for example, the oil cartel OPEC, led by Saudi Arabia, tried to cut off the supply of oil to the United States. It caused an instant panic, a recession within months. Trump was 27 when those lines of cars snaked around the block. Putin was 21. Xi was 20. Our leaders understand in their bones that power comes from fuel.

But now we're in the midst of the next great energy transition. So who will control the future of clean energy? Who will be the Saudi Arabia of this transition? Well, through fuel-tinted glasses, the answer seems obvious. It's whoever controls the copper, the lithium, the graphite, the cobalt, the rare earths, the critical minerals that we need.

But our fuel-tinted glasses are broken. Because this is the first transition not to another dominant fuel, but to a technology. And that changes everything.

I've spent a lot of time thinking about what this means. Our team is building one of the largest distributed renewable energy utilities for Africa. Crossboundary Energy uses on-site solar, batteries and wind to bring cheaper, cleaner and more reliable power to businesses.

Cross-boundary access uses the same technologies to bring first-time power to some of the 600 million people living on this continent without it. And here is what I have learned at the silicon face of this transition. Unlike fuel, technology is less as extensional. It's more circular. It's more fungible. And it's more abundant.

So I can use one of our projects to explain how this works. This is Tolagnaro in Madagascar. It's a remote town of 55,000 people next to a major critical minerals mine. Power for the mine and the community until recently came from heavy fuel oil generators on the mine site. Now Crossboundary powers the mine with a renewable energy microgrid made up of solar, wind and batteries.

Soon we hope that we will be able to phase out the generators altogether. Now let me tell you a story. Imagine two cartels. One is real, OPEC, which seeks to control the price of oil. The other is an imaginary alliance of the major miners of copper and lithium today. Chile, China and Australia.

If you want to run a good cartel, everyone knows you need to have a great acronym. Let's call it the Pisco Sour Peking Duck Fosters Cartel, or PPF for short. Let's imagine that each cartel, OPEC and PPF, seeks to cut off the supply of their respective commodity to the rest of the world.

In Tolognaro, before our energy transition, this would have caused an instant crisis. Without oil, the lights in the community go out and the mine shuts down. But after the transition, nothing much changes in Tolognaro. And that's because in a fuel-based world, constant supply of fuel is existential.

But in a technology-based world, without a constant supply of lithium, your old lithium batteries keep working. You don't need a constant supply of new copper for your copper wires to keep conducting electricity. You do not require a constant supply of new materials just to survive. But technology gets even better than that, because it is also more circular.

Noin 0 prosenttia kestävää energiaa voidaan kestävät. Kun se kestää, se on menossa. Mutta me emme kestä teknologiaa. Me käytämme sen. Ja joten yli 90 prosenttia kestävää energiaa voidaan kestävät. Vuoteen 2050 voisi olla niin paljon kestävää tuotetta,

demand for new input materials could actually begin to decrease. But it gets better than that, because technology is also more fungible.

I'm not actually talking about mushrooms here, but the effect is magic, because almost every input into this energy transition can be substituted for another abundant material. Copper can be replaced by aluminium. Cobalt can be replaced in batteries by iron. And those substitutions have already happened when temporarily prices spiked.

So even without access to a specific critical mineral, the power of fungibility means that you can continue to grow. Now, hopefully you're beginning to feel somewhat convinced that demand for new material will be fundamentally different in this transition, because it is less extantial, more circular, more fungible. And those things together mean that it is more flexible, it is more elastic.

But we do still have a lot of energy transitioning left to do. So we do need new supply. And so here is my final piece of good news. The materials that we need for this energy transition are abundant. First, we need less stuff.

From now until 2050, we need to extract every year around 230 million tons of end-use materials. So it sounds like a lot. But every year currently, we extract over eight billion, with a B, tons of coal. Every year we extract five billion tons of oil and three billion tons of natural gas, every single year, just to fuel our existing energy system.

Tämä 230 miljoonaa näyttää kestävällä. Meidän tulee tarvita enemmän materiaalia, kuten koppi, litiumi, grafiikki, koboltti. Mutta tämä on toinen näkökulma näkökulmasta. Meillä on paljon tällaista.

When geologists estimate the likely resource, they show that it easily exceeds our projected demand. Even rare earths are not rare. They were called rare because they were rarely found in their pure form. They were always found with another material. So sure, they're rare, but they're rare in the same way that Burt is rare without Ernie. But is oil very different?

Olemme tunnistaneet, että öljyä löytyy melko suurin osa vaikutuksen tarpeeseen. Olemme tunnistaneet, että öljyä löytyy samalla tavalla kritiikkoihin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin säännöllisiin