Max Pearson
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Appearances Over Time
Podcast Appearances
SiinÀ oli 800 tapauksia vuonna 1980 yksin, ja 40 nÀyttÀytyivÀt kuolemiin, ja nÀmÀ olivat nuoria naisia, jotka kuoli. Ne olivat kaikki liittyneitÀ tÀmÀn yksityisen tapauksen kÀyttÀmiseen. Nancy King Ream oli nuori tutkija 80-luvun aikana, joka tutki hormonit ja menstrualityötÀ. HÀn oli huomattavissa, kun toksikoksen tapaukset kiinnostivat yleisöÀ. TÀssÀ on raportti KCAU-yhtiöstÀ Iowaan.
The Centers for Disease Control linked superabsorbent tampons with this infection, and in the wake of deaths from TSS, there were lawsuits and settlements against tampon manufacturers.
As a response to the crisis, in 1982 the Food and Drug Administration assembled a tampon task force, which brought together tampon companies and consumer and women's advocacy groups. Nancy was invited to join by her mentor, Esther Rome, who had authored the now famous book, Our Bodies, Ourselves.
Esther was one of the strongest advocates and eloquent, outspoken. Esther asked Nancy to come on board because they needed an independent lab to test these tampons.
TÀmÀ oli silloin, kun toksikoksen syndroomi oli suurin piirtein ja Rely oli se tuote, joka nÀyttÀisi olevan todella kohtuullisesti liittyvÀ kuolemuksiin. Tietojen mukaan Tampon, joka oli statistiallisesti liittyvÀ tÀhÀn, oli brandi nimeltÀ Rely. Silloin, kun aloitit tÀmÀn tuotteen ulkopuolelle, se nÀyttÀisi kuin teepÀivÀ, ja teepÀivÀn sisÀllÀ olivat kaikki nÀmÀ pienet kiput.
Like styrofoam chips from a styrofoam cup and this carboxymethylcellulose, which really, oh, just sucked up the menstrual blood. And over time, the tampon itself got bigger and bigger, and more and more blood was absorbed. And women loved them, and they weren't taking them out. But when they tried to take them out, they found out that they had absorbed all the moisture in their vagina, so it was very difficult to take them out.
Ne olivat niin tehtÀvÀt. Ja se tehtÀvÀ syrjintÀ tuntui olevan ongelmallista. Proctor & Gamble ja Procter & Gamble muistuttiin tuotteen vuonna 1980 negatiivisesta jÀrjestelmÀstÀ, mutta he vastasivat linkin TSSiin. Joten kaikkien muiden tampojen yritykset sanoivat, ettÀ me olemme liikkuvia myös. Kuten tuntui, ei ollut yhden normaalin tavoitteen mÀÀrittÀÀ syrjintÀÀ.
Nancy was to carry out blind testing on these tampons without knowing the brands behind them. And then she found out the testing tool she was meant to use. The Syngina, which stood for, I think, synthetic vagina.
Vagina, ja sitten vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu, ettÀ vatsa on suunniteltu.
Oh, well, that's ridiculous, they all said, all the lawyers and all the tampon company representatives around the table. We can't do that. It's going to gunk up the Syngina. The FDA sent a Syngina to her lab, and Nancy and her team, all women, unboxed it. We called her Sally.
We thought this is such a hoot. We've got to, you know, enjoy some of this. Since it seems so ridiculous, we went ahead and used not menstrual blood. Because how do you standardize menstrual blood across women, even across the same woman? It changes everything.
Se muuttaa pH, viskaus, mÀÀrÀ, luottaminen ja kaikki niitÀ tutkimuksia, joita olin tehnyt aiemmin. Niin Nansi pÀÀtti työskentellÀ heppÀröimÀllÀ, jossa ei ollut kloottia, joita hÀn otti hospitalissa. HÀn testasi tampoja samppuun, sekÀ syrjintÀÀ, jotka olivat syrjintÀssÀ. Sen jÀlkeen tehtÀvÀt koulutukset jatkuvat.
There were comments more about how tampons were never going to go out of style, because women needed tampons, because that was the only thing that could protect them. And that, of course, Esther was not happy about that. And she basically said, actually, this is not a disease. I don't need a medicine. I think you're thinking of menstruation as an illness. And the whole vibe of that group and the work of the committee,
At the end of Nancy's testing, her results showed that the superabsorbent tampons took in much more blood than saline. It was a substantial finding, and some of the tampon companies had to re-engineer their products as a result. But they wouldn't allow her results to be published, because they considered it a trade secret.
A few years later, Nancy's lab summarized the results for a letter to the editor in a widely read medical journal. Which wasn't very much, but at least it's on the record. And that was kind of the end, my final job, I guess. The task force was eventually dismantled in 1985. Nancy remembers it went out with a whimper, not a bang. The FDA was moving on to other things.
It felt like I had accomplished something, set a standard for absorbency. It wasn't until 1990 that a standardization of absorbency across all brands was released through this public service announcement from the FDA. Until now, a uniform labeling system that would permit consumers to compare absorbency between different tampon brands did not exist.
Joten tÀmÀ Superplus-label on tÀmÀn markkinan, ja tÀmÀ Superplus-label on tÀmÀn markkinan, eivÀt todennÀköisesti tarkoita samaa asiaa. Se on muuttunut. FDA myös suositteli vaihtamisen tampoja ja paitoja. TÀnÀÀn kaikki tampoja on informaatio, joka osoittaa heidÀn absorptiinsa. Nansin tehtÀvÀn legaasi.
Toxic shock syndrome dropped dramatically after 1986, thanks to these national changes in absorbency and manufacturing standards. It was toxic shock syndrome that ushered in the menstrual movement to the public discourse for the first time, and tampon safety is still a topic that shows up in the headlines even today. Goldarthur was speaking to Nancy King Ream, whose work on TSS helped change the law in the US.
This week's sporting witness next, and this takes us to the moment when pastimes like riding BMX bikes and skateboarding were codified into proper sports. In 1995, the Canadian BMXer Jay Miron took part in the first ever Extreme Games. The event, now rebranded as the X Games, has been held every year since and become a global phenomenon. Jay Miron, known in the sport as the Canadian Beast, has been speaking to Guy Kilty.
Se kaikki muuttui vuonna 1995, kun Yhdysvaltojen jÀrjestelmÀ, joka tunnistaa mahdollisuuden tappaa uudelleen yhteyttÀ katsojille, organisoi ensimmÀisiÀ ekstremiÀ peliÀ. Ei vain se. He olivat yrittÀneet televisioida kaikki. Jayille tÀmÀ oli uusi kokemus.