Meredith Whittaker

And we can, you know, we can date it to whenever, right? Signal as the integrated app was 2013, but, you know, Red Phone, Text Secure predated that. And this is, you know, there's no iPhone. Jabber, like, is the competition, right? It's like web client-based chat. There's no, you know, people aren't carrying smartphones. There isn't, WhatsApp doesn't exist. iMessage doesn't exist.

And we can, you know, we can date it to whenever, right? Signal as the integrated app was 2013, but, you know, Red Phone, Text Secure predated that. And this is, you know, there's no iPhone. Jabber, like, is the competition, right? It's like web client-based chat. There's no, you know, people aren't carrying smartphones. There isn't, WhatsApp doesn't exist. iMessage doesn't exist.

You have a very, very different marketplace.

You have a very, very different marketplace.

You have a very, very different marketplace.

Yeah, yeah. I mean, I remember using, like, I don't remember, like, send text messages sometimes, but they were expensive on my BlackBerry, maybe. But we're talking about a drastically different tech ecosystem. And this is particularly important in the context of messaging and communications apps. Because, of course, you need a network effect for those to work.

Yeah, yeah. I mean, I remember using, like, I don't remember, like, send text messages sometimes, but they were expensive on my BlackBerry, maybe. But we're talking about a drastically different tech ecosystem. And this is particularly important in the context of messaging and communications apps. Because, of course, you need a network effect for those to work.

Yeah, yeah. I mean, I remember using, like, I don't remember, like, send text messages sometimes, but they were expensive on my BlackBerry, maybe. But we're talking about a drastically different tech ecosystem. And this is particularly important in the context of messaging and communications apps. Because, of course, you need a network effect for those to work.

No one buys the first telephone, right? Because you can't use one telephone. Your friend has to have a telephone. And all your friends have to have an app if you're going to use it, right? Particularly, it takes two to encrypt. You know, group encryption, it takes everyone in the group. And if everyone isn't using...

No one buys the first telephone, right? Because you can't use one telephone. Your friend has to have a telephone. And all your friends have to have an app if you're going to use it, right? Particularly, it takes two to encrypt. You know, group encryption, it takes everyone in the group. And if everyone isn't using...

No one buys the first telephone, right? Because you can't use one telephone. Your friend has to have a telephone. And all your friends have to have an app if you're going to use it, right? Particularly, it takes two to encrypt. You know, group encryption, it takes everyone in the group. And if everyone isn't using...

your app for communication, it's very difficult in a saturated marketplace where you have a WhatsApp, where you have iMessage, where you have these normative models that people go to just to have their regular communication to sort of introduce a new app for communication. secure messaging or insecure messaging, right?

your app for communication, it's very difficult in a saturated marketplace where you have a WhatsApp, where you have iMessage, where you have these normative models that people go to just to have their regular communication to sort of introduce a new app for communication. secure messaging or insecure messaging, right?

your app for communication, it's very difficult in a saturated marketplace where you have a WhatsApp, where you have iMessage, where you have these normative models that people go to just to have their regular communication to sort of introduce a new app for communication. secure messaging or insecure messaging, right?

Because people don't switch outside of the network unless their friends switch outside the network and there's a collective action problem there and an inertia problem there and all of that, right?

Because people don't switch outside of the network unless their friends switch outside the network and there's a collective action problem there and an inertia problem there and all of that, right?

Because people don't switch outside of the network unless their friends switch outside the network and there's a collective action problem there and an inertia problem there and all of that, right?

So when I think about, there's many things that are very precious about Signal, but the fact that Moxie carried it on his back for that decade and was actually able to keep it going and surviving without selling out, without selling data,

So when I think about, there's many things that are very precious about Signal, but the fact that Moxie carried it on his back for that decade and was actually able to keep it going and surviving without selling out, without selling data,

So when I think about, there's many things that are very precious about Signal, but the fact that Moxie carried it on his back for that decade and was actually able to keep it going and surviving without selling out, without selling data,