Niall Ferguson

Effectively, the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian army is in fact NATO, and it feels as if America has withdrawn a lot of at least vibe support from Ukraine, and then I would argue the EU has stepped up.

You don't agree with that?

Well, let's be clear.

The European Union cannot, without American support,

provide the assistance that Ukraine needs to survive.

The war is dragging on towards its fifth year.

This is going to be harder and harder for Ukraine to sustain.

There is a manpower problem at the front.

There's an air defense problem in the cities.

Although the Ukrainians have been heroic and also tremendously innovative in the drone warfare and technology, the Russians have more or less managed to keep pace with that so that the Ukrainians have an edge on quality, but the Russians have an edge on quantity.

The Europeans, when American aid was first cut off back at the end of Biden's presidency, could not fill the gap.

That was immediately obvious because the minute the American aid stopped, you'll remember that the House cut it off.

Then Ukraine started to lose.

The United States isn't supplying much aid since President Trump was sworn in, but it's still playing an important part.

In technologies.

In surface-to-air missiles, yeah.

Correct.

It's important to recognize that if that went, then the Europeans would not be able to make up the difference.

Europeans have handed a lot of weapons as well as money to Ukraine.

They have not built an awful lot of weapons anew yet.