Nick Norwitz

And I think the challenge I want to present your listeners with is really grapple with the ideas and the words I'm saying and hear how these ideas are actually consistent, not conflicting, and how context is really important. Let me first actually attack that idea of LVL and Applebee being causative in heart disease, because indeed they are. And by that, I mean they're part of the causal cascade.

And I think the challenge I want to present your listeners with is really grapple with the ideas and the words I'm saying and hear how these ideas are actually consistent, not conflicting, and how context is really important. Let me first actually attack that idea of LVL and Applebee being causative in heart disease, because indeed they are. And by that, I mean they're part of the causal cascade.

And I think the challenge I want to present your listeners with is really grapple with the ideas and the words I'm saying and hear how these ideas are actually consistent, not conflicting, and how context is really important. Let me first actually attack that idea of LVL and Applebee being causative in heart disease, because indeed they are. And by that, I mean they're part of the causal cascade.

So if you didn't have ApoB or LDL particles or they were at the floor, you really can't develop heart disease progression. That's true. But it's also true that context, metabolic context really matters. If two different people have the same exposure to LDL or ApoB. So the same level, how high it is for the same duration of time. Will those two people develop heart disease at the same rate?

So if you didn't have ApoB or LDL particles or they were at the floor, you really can't develop heart disease progression. That's true. But it's also true that context, metabolic context really matters. If two different people have the same exposure to LDL or ApoB. So the same level, how high it is for the same duration of time. Will those two people develop heart disease at the same rate?

So if you didn't have ApoB or LDL particles or they were at the floor, you really can't develop heart disease progression. That's true. But it's also true that context, metabolic context really matters. If two different people have the same exposure to LDL or ApoB. So the same level, how high it is for the same duration of time. Will those two people develop heart disease at the same rate?

And the answer is no. There are other factors that influence what the absolute risk or absolute progression rate is. Some person might have really rapid progression. Other person might have such minimal progression that it's basically negligible. You can think about it as kind of if you like, you're mathematically inclined, a little graph.

And the answer is no. There are other factors that influence what the absolute risk or absolute progression rate is. Some person might have really rapid progression. Other person might have such minimal progression that it's basically negligible. You can think about it as kind of if you like, you're mathematically inclined, a little graph.

And the answer is no. There are other factors that influence what the absolute risk or absolute progression rate is. Some person might have really rapid progression. Other person might have such minimal progression that it's basically negligible. You can think about it as kind of if you like, you're mathematically inclined, a little graph.

And on the x-axis is exposure to LDL, exposure to LDL, cholesterol exposure to aqua B. And the y-axis is how much plaque actually accumulates in your heart. Some person can have a very steep slope, meaning with a little exposure, they get a lot of plaque.

And on the x-axis is exposure to LDL, exposure to LDL, cholesterol exposure to aqua B. And the y-axis is how much plaque actually accumulates in your heart. Some person can have a very steep slope, meaning with a little exposure, they get a lot of plaque.

And on the x-axis is exposure to LDL, exposure to LDL, cholesterol exposure to aqua B. And the y-axis is how much plaque actually accumulates in your heart. Some person can have a very steep slope, meaning with a little exposure, they get a lot of plaque.

And other person could have a very shallow slope, meaning for a ton of exposure, they actually develop very little or maybe even no plaque, not even a measurable amount. That difference is really, really important because people are trying to decide what to do with lifestyle or whether or not to take medications that do have side effects.

And other person could have a very shallow slope, meaning for a ton of exposure, they actually develop very little or maybe even no plaque, not even a measurable amount. That difference is really, really important because people are trying to decide what to do with lifestyle or whether or not to take medications that do have side effects.

And other person could have a very shallow slope, meaning for a ton of exposure, they actually develop very little or maybe even no plaque, not even a measurable amount. That difference is really, really important because people are trying to decide what to do with lifestyle or whether or not to take medications that do have side effects.

And in the context of a whole person, you always have to do this benefit analysis. It's not about snapping your fingers. You can't snap your fingers and change one biomarker in isolation. Say you're using a ketogenic diet to treat inflammatory bowel disease, but your LDL is really high.

And in the context of a whole person, you always have to do this benefit analysis. It's not about snapping your fingers. You can't snap your fingers and change one biomarker in isolation. Say you're using a ketogenic diet to treat inflammatory bowel disease, but your LDL is really high.

And in the context of a whole person, you always have to do this benefit analysis. It's not about snapping your fingers. You can't snap your fingers and change one biomarker in isolation. Say you're using a ketogenic diet to treat inflammatory bowel disease, but your LDL is really high.

Well, it's important to know what's the absolute risk because what you might be trading by reintroducing carbs is an increased risk of flares and ending up in the hospital or trying a medication that might have side effects, promote insulin resistance or other negative health effects that you don't otherwise want. So I'm not here to say that LZL or Applebee is irrelevant.

Well, it's important to know what's the absolute risk because what you might be trading by reintroducing carbs is an increased risk of flares and ending up in the hospital or trying a medication that might have side effects, promote insulin resistance or other negative health effects that you don't otherwise want. So I'm not here to say that LZL or Applebee is irrelevant.