Piotr Nater
speaker
792 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Aug 2026
last heard 8 Aug
Piotr Nater’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Charles proceeded with great vigour, and it must be confessed with severity.
The Finns, who strongly supported Zigismund, were beaten, their strongholds destroyed, and the Royalist leaders were executed.
Nearly all the adult members of the higher nobility fell by the executioner's sword or were driven into exile, while their property was confiscated.
Meanwhile, Sigismund had induced the Poles to declare war against the usurper.
But the weak and cowardly king was no match for Charles of Sudermanland, any more than the disorganized and selfish Polish nobles were a match for the Swedish people, filled as they were with religious and patriotic ardour.
In the summer of sixteen hundred Charles conquered nearly the whole of Livonia.
On his return he set himself to work with consumate skill to secure still more completely the people's favour.
He repeatedly offered his resignation to the estates, he consulted them frequently in the choice of his counselors.
His opposition to his brother Eric, and to his nephew Zigismund, proceeded not so much from personal ambition as from a desire to preserve for the house of Vasa a kingdom which their madness threatened to destroy.
He repeatedly offered the crown to Zigismund's younger brother John, who has often refused it.
As late as sixteen oh four, when in answer to the persistent request of the estates he finally accepted, as Charles II, the kingdom for himself and his descendants, he still offered to resign his dignity in John's favour.
He laboured earnestly to improve the judicial system of Sweden, which had as yet no code, he reorganized local administration and the levying of taxes.
He favoured commerce and industry with all his power, especially mining and ironworking.
In his reign Sweden exported a considerable quantity of cannon and cannon bowls.
Just at this time the Polish Swedish contest was complicated by Zigismund's interference in the affairs of Russia and by the adventures of the Pseudodemetrius.
End of part one of the Counter Reformation in Scandinavia and Poland by Martin Philipson.
Part two of the Counter Reformation in Scandinavia and Poland by Martin Philipson from the History of All Nations from Earliest Times Volume twelve The Religious Wars translated under the supervision of John Henry Wright.
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